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Cited by 125Physical Activity and HealthLipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiology

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on the Lipid-Lipoprotein Profile of Children and Adolescents

Tolfrey, Keith, Jones, Andrew M., Campbell, Ian G.·2000·Sports Medicine
DOI 10.2165/00007256-200029020-00003
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Abstract

Longitudinal paediatric population studies have provided evidence that the risk factor theory may be extended to children and adolescents. These studies could assist in identifying individuals at increased coronary risk. Numerous studies have focused on the effects of regular exercise on the paediatric lipoprotein profile, a recognised primary risk factor, with equivocal results. Cross-sectional comparisons of dichotomised groups provide the strongest evidence of an exercise effect. 'Trained' or 'active' children and adolescents demonstrate 'favourable' levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triacylglycerol, total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C, whilst TC is generally unaffected. The evidence regarding LDL-C in these studies is equivocal. A possible self-selection bias means that a cause-effect relationship between exercise and the lipoprotein profile cannot be readily established from this design. Correlational studies are difficult to interpret because of differences in participant characteristics, methods employed to assess peak oxygen uptake and habitual physical activity (HPA), and the statistical techniques used to analyse multivariate data. Directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness does not appear to be related to lipoprotein profiles in the children and adolescents studied to date, although there are data to the contrary. The relationship with HPA is more difficult to decipher. The evidence suggests that a 'favourable' lipoprotein profile may be related to higher levels of HPA, although differences in assessment methods preclude a definitive answer. While few prospective studies exist, the majority of these longitudinal investigations suggest that imposed regular exercise has little, if any, influence on the lipoprotein levels of children and adolescents. However, most prospective studies have several serious methodological design weaknesses, including low sample size, inadequate exercise training volume and a lack of control individuals. Recent studies have suggested that increases in HDL-C and reductions in LDL-C may be possible with regular exercise. The identification of a dose-response relationship between exercise training and the lipoprotein profile during the paediatric years remains elusive.

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  • Lack of change in leisure-time physical activity or fitness has been attributed most often to inadequate dose, poor compliance, inattention to multiple risk factors and overly simplistic interventions, methodological errors in fitness measurement, and failure to control confounders.

    “Lack of change in leisure time physical activity or physical fitness, in turn, has been attributed most o en to issues of: a) inadequate dose (Tolfrey 2000); b) poor compliance (Baranowski 1990); c) inattention to the multiplicity of risk factors for physical inactivity and subsequent overly simplistic, unidimensional interventions;”

    From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Tolfrey 2000

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Authors
Tolfrey, K., Jones, A. M., & Campbell, I. G.
Affiliations
  • Manchester Metropolitan University (GB)
  • Edge Hill University (GB)
Corresponding author
Tolfrey, Keith
ORCID
Venue
Sports Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2000
Volume
29
Issue
2
Pages
99-112
ISSN
0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2165/00007256-200029020-00003
OpenAlex
W2095703494
Cited by
125
References
127
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
FWCI
0.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
aerobic exercise training, lipoprotein profile, children, adolescents, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity behavior, coronary heart disease risk, self-selection bias, dose-response relationship
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Heart Rate, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Prospective Studies, Triglycerides, Exercise

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