The DOI matches its Crossref record; 147 of the 147 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Role of Diet and Exercise for the Maintenance of Fat-Free Mass and Resting Metabolic Rate During Weight Loss
Abstract
The incidence of obesity is increasing rapidly. Research efforts for effective treatment strategies still focus on diet and exercise programmes, the individual components of which have been investigated in intervention trials in order to determine the most effective recommendations for sustained changes in bodyweight. The foremost objective of a weight-loss trial has to be the reduction in body fat leading to a decrease in risk factors for metabolic syndrome. However, a concomitant decline in lean tissue can frequently be observed. Given that fat-free mass (FFM) represents a key determinant of the magnitude of resting metabolic rate (RMR), it follows that a decrease in lean tissue could hinder the progress of weight loss. Therefore, with respect to long-term effectiveness of weight-loss programmes, the loss of fat mass while maintaining FFM and RMR seems desirable. Diet intervention studies suggest spontaneous losses in bodyweight following low-fat diets, and current data on a reduction of the carbohydrate-to-protein ratio of the diet show promising outcomes. Exercise training is associated with an increase in energy expenditure, thus promoting changes in body composition and bodyweight while keeping dietary intake constant. The advantages of strength training may have greater implications than initially proposed with respect to decreasing percentage body fat and sustaining FFM. Research to date suggests that the addition of exercise programmes to dietary restriction can promote more favourable changes in body composition than diet or physical activity on its own. Moreover, recent research indicates that the macronutrient content of the energy-restricted diet may influence body compositional alterations following exercise regimens. Protein emerges as an important factor for the maintenance of or increase in FFM induced by exercise training. Changes in RMR can only partly be accounted for by alterations in respiring tissues, and other yet-undefined mechanisms have to be explored. These outcomes provide the scientific rationale to justify further randomised intervention trials on the synergies between diet and exercise approaches to yield favourable modifications in body composition.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For instance, sufficient protein intake is considered crucial for maintaining lean mass in low-calorie dietary regimens (21, 22).”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Poehlman, É. T., Gardner, A. W., & Goran, M. I. (1992) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(92)90118-t · Cited by 61
Retracted‘Small Changes' to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors for Weight Management
Hills, A. P., Byrne, N. M., Lindstrom, R. C., & Hill, J. O. (2013) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000345030 · Cited by 9,526
Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women.
Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G., Liu, S., Solomon, C. G., & Willett, W. C. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010492 · Cited by 2,901
The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS)
Lindström, J., Louheranta, A., Mannelin, M., Rastas, M., Salminen, V., Eriksson, J., Uusitupa, M., Tuomilehto, J., & for the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.12.3230 · Cited by 1,848
A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity
Foster, G. D., Wyatt, H. R., Hill, J. O., McGuckin, B. G., Brill, C., Mohammed, B. S., Szapary, P. O., Rader, D. J., Edman, J. S., & Klein, S. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa022207 · Cited by 1,794
Pi‐Sunyer, F. X. (1993) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-119-7_part_2-199310011-00006 · Cited by 1,366
A Low-Carbohydrate as Compared with a Low-Fat Diet in Severe Obesity
Samaha, F. F., Iqbal, N., Seshadri, P., Chicano, K. L., Daily, D. A., McGrory, J., Williams, T., Williams, M., Gracely, E. J., & Stern, L. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa022637 · Cited by 1,267 · cited 2×
“Although weight reduction following rious effects on blood pressure,[74] total cholesterol, physical activity is mainly brought about by the triglycerides[29,30,58,74,75] and bone turnover[30,57] have energy expended during the exercise bout, additionbeen reported.”
BackgroundReduced Rate of Energy Expenditure as a Risk Factor for Body-Weight Gain
Ravussin, E., Lillioja, S., Knowler, W. C., Christin, L., Freymond, D., Abbott, W. G. H., Boyce, V., Howard, B. V., & Bogardus, C. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198802253180802 · Cited by 1,215
Skov, A., Toubro, S., Rønn, B., Holm, L., & Astrup, A. (1999) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800867 · Cited by 743
Physical Activity, Obesity, Height, and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer
Michaud, D. S. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.8.921 · Cited by 678
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- Mazansky, 1975, S Afr Med J, 49, 1955
- Glass, 2002, J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 42, 56
- Seidell, 1992, Int J Obes, 16, 667
- Belko, 1987, Int J Obes, 11, 93
- Schwartz, 1990, Int J Obes, 14, 1
- Doucet, 2000, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 1550
- Whitehead, 1996, Int J Obes, 20, 727
- Schlundt, 1993, Int J Obes, 17, 623
- Stubbs, 1996, Eur J Clin Nutr, 50, 409
- Warwick, 1981, Int J Obes, 5, 25
- Frey-Hewitt, 1990, Int J Obes, 14, 327
- Doi, 2001, Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr, 10, 226, 10.1046/j.1440-6047.2001.00247.x · DOI
- Lennon, 1985, Int J Obes, 9, 39
- Osterberg, 2000, Int J Sport Nutr, 10, 71
- Schrauwen, 1998, Am J Physiol, 37, E1027
Cited by
Sorted by citations
European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults
Yumuk, V., Tsigos, C., Fried, M., Schindler, K., Busetto, L., Micic, D., & Toplak, H. (2015) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000442721 · Cited by 3,432
Wycherley, T. P., Moran, L. J., Clifton, P. M., Noakes, M., & Brinkworth, G. D. (2012) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.044321 · Cited by 606
Blumenthal, J. A. (2010) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.470 · Cited by 606
A Meta-Analysis of Pedometer-Based Walking Interventions and Weight Loss
Richardson, C. R., Newton, T. L., Abraham, J. J., Sen, A., Jimbo, M., & Swartz, A. M. (2008) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.761 · Cited by 421
High-intensity training versus traditional exercise interventions for promoting health
NYBO, L., SUNDSTRUP, E., JAKOBSEN, M. D., MOHR, M., HORNSTRUP, T., SIMONSEN, L., BÜLOW, J., RANDERS, M. B., NIELSEN, J. J., AAGAARD, P., et al. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181d99203 · Cited by 403
Metadata
- Authors
- Stiegler, P., & Cunliffe, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Westminster (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Stiegler, Petra
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 239-262
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087948696
- Cited by
- 474
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- weight loss, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate, diet, exercise training, resistance training, caloric restriction, low-fat diet, protein-carbohydrate ratio, protein intake, body composition, obesity, metabolic syndrome, energy expenditure
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Diet, Energy Metabolism, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Weight Loss, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
