Exercise, Vascular Wall and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update (Part 2)
Abstract
There is much evidence extolling the virtues of physical activity on cardiovascular disease (CVD). The evidence derives from different population groups where leisure time physical activity reduced the risk of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular mortality in both men and women. Recent meta-analyses have shown that large risk reductions for both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke can be achieved by moderate or intense physical activity. There are many data from human and animal studies confirming a beneficial role for exercise in the prevention and treatment of CVD. Physical inactivity and obesity/overweight are not only associated with a number of health-related risk factors, but are considered to be independent risk factors for CVD, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Clinical trials confirm that lifestyle interventions (dietary modification and increased physical activity) reduce the risk of progressing from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes. Moreover, epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of hypertension increases by being overweight. Modest increases in exercise intensity and frequency have hypotensive effects in sedentary hypertensive patients. Long-term training improves endothelium-dependent dilatation in the aorta and resistance arteries of the heart, whereas short-term training increases endothelial function in coronary conduit arteries. Overall, more scientific evidence will undoubtedly encourage the widespread advocacy of the clinical benefits of exercise therapy in the prevention and treatment of CVD.
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Physical exercise improves cognitive function, learning and memory, and significantly moderates age-related cognitive decline.
“improves cognitive function, learning and memory, and significantly moderates age-related cognitive decline [2, 97, 104, 110, 187, 188, 200], reviewed in [10].”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [200]
Higher levels of physical activity, exercise training, and overall cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk for hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, and metabolic syndrome, and lower cardiovascular mortality.
“Higher levels of physical activity, exercise training, and overall cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk for hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, and metabolic syndrome, as well as lower cardiovascular mortality [104, 110, 178, 200].”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [200]
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La sédentarité : un processus physio-psychologique et un facteur de risque pour la santé pour tous
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Exercise improves bladder function in diabetic mice
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- Authors
- Yung, L. M., Laher, I., Yao, X., Chen, Z. Y., Huang, Y., & Leung, F. P.
- Affiliations
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Leung, Fung Ping
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 45-63
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2917017869
- Semantic Scholar
- 250ba57e86407946a282c61221f4177c40a1b5ba
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Health Canada
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Keywords
- physical activity, cardiovascular disease, vascular wall, endothelial function, coronary artery disease, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, lifestyle intervention, impaired glucose tolerance
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular System, Diabetes Mellitus, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Motor Activity, Risk Factors, Exercise, Metabolic Syndrome
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