The DOI matches its Crossref record; 165 of the 165 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Safety of Nanoparticles in Medicine
Open accessAbstract
Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. During the past two decades, a growing number of nanomedicines have received regulatory approval and many more show promise for future clinical translation. In this context, it is important to evaluate the safety of nanoparticles in order to achieve biocompatibility and desired activity. However, it is unwarranted to make generalized statements regarding the safety of nanoparticles, since the field of nanomedicine comprises a multitude of different manufactured nanoparticles made from various materials. Indeed, several nanotherapeutics that are currently approved, such as Doxil and Abraxane, exhibit fewer side effects than their small molecule counterparts, while other nanoparticles (e.g. metallic and carbon-based particles) tend to display toxicity. However, the hazardous nature of certain nanomedicines could be exploited for the ablation of diseased tissue, if selective targeting can be achieved. This review discusses the mechanisms for molecular, cellular, organ, and immune system toxicity, which can be observed with a subset of nanoparticles. Strategies for improving the safety of nanoparticles by surface modification and pretreatment with immunomodulators are also discussed. Additionally, important considerations for nanoparticle safety assessment are reviewed. In regards to clinical application, stricter regulations for the approval of nanomedicines might not be required. Rather, safety evaluation assays should be adjusted to be more appropriate for engineered nanoparticles.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Matsumura, Y., & Maeda, H. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 6,781
Tumor vascular permeability and the EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics: a review
Maeda, H., Wu, J., Sawa, T., Matsumura, Y., & Hori, K. (2000) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(99)00248-5 · Cited by 6,565
Protein Misfolding, Functional Amyloid, and Human Disease
Chiti, F., & Dobson, C. M. (2006) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.75.101304.123901 · Cited by 6,423
Boussif, O., Lezoualc'h, F., Zanta, M. A., Mergny, M. D., Scherman, D., Demeneix, B., & Behr, J. P. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.16.7297 · Cited by 6,247
Doxil® — The first FDA-approved nano-drug: Lessons learned
Barenholz, Y. (. (2012) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.020 · Cited by 4,792
Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis
Ricklin, D., Hajishengallis, G., Yang, K., & Lambris, J. D. (2010) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1923 · Cited by 3,654 · cited 1×
“However, complement fragments can also stimulate other immune cells and vascular endothelial cells, causing the production of proinflammatory and vasoactive agents [121].”
BackgroundStrategies in the design of nanoparticles for therapeutic applications
Petros, R. A., & DeSimone, J. M. (2010) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2591 · Cited by 3,651
Opsonization, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of polymeric nanoparticles
OWENSIII, D., & PEPPAS, N. (2006) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.010 · Cited by 3,637
Poly(ethylene glycol) in Drug Delivery: Pros and Cons as Well as Potential Alternatives
Knop, K., Hoogenboom, R., Fischer, D., & Schubert, U. S. (2010) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200902672 · Cited by 3,533
Biomolecular coronas provide the biological identity of nanosized materials
Monopoli, M. P., Åberg, C., Salvati, A., & Dawson, K. A. (2012) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.207 · Cited by 3,017
Cited by
Hydrogel Bioink Reinforcement for Additive Manufacturing: A Focused Review of Emerging Strategies
Chimene, D., Kaunas, R., & Gaharwar, A. K. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201902026 · Cited by 600
Extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment
Walker, S., Busatto, S., Pham, A., Tian, M., Suh, A., Carson, K., Quintero, A., Lafrence, M., Malik, H., Santana, M. X., et al. (2019) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.37097 · Cited by 429
Self-citationAhlawat, J., Guillama Barroso, G., Masoudi Asil, S., Alvarado, M., Armendariz, I., Bernal, J., Carabaza, X., Chavez, S., Cruz, P., Escalante, V., et al. (2020) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c01592 · Cited by 274
Recent Advances in Nanocarrier-Assisted Therapeutics Delivery Systems
Su, S., & M. Kang, P. (2020) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12090837 · Cited by 259
Extracellular vesicles as personalized medicine
Beetler, D. J., Di Florio, D. N., Bruno, K. A., Ikezu, T., March, K. L., Cooper, L. T., Wolfram, J., & Fairweather, D. (2023) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2022.101155 · Cited by 101
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Wolfram, J., Zhu, M., Yang, Y., Shen, J., Gentile, E., Paolino, D., Fresta, M., Nie, G., Chen, C., Shen, H., Ferrari, M., & Zhao, Y.
- Venue
- Current Drug Targets
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2015-11-19
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1671-1681
- ISSN
- 1389-4501 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2207973369
- Cited by
- 532
- References
- 165
- FWCI
- 6.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Safety of Nanoparticles in Medicine. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2174/1389450115666140804124808
- The paper
- Wolfram, J., Zhu, M., Yang, Y., Shen, J., Gentile, E., Paolino, D., Fresta, M., Nie, G., Chen, C., Shen, H., Ferrari, M., & Zhao, Y. (2015). Safety of Nanoparticles in Medicine. Current Drug Targets. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450115666140804124808
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
