Basic hermeneutic approaches to interpretation of videogames

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Many definitions and videogame researches mention that videogames are games first of all.

“Many definitions and videogame researches mention that videogames are games first of all.”

• cites Frasca (1999)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Esposito (2005) sourceSupported
• cites Sicart (2009) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

There are several common approaches of defining and understanding the nature of videogames, and these approaches correlate with hermeneutic approaches to videogame interpretation.

“However, there are several common approaches of defining and understanding the nature of videogames (Horban, Maletska, 2018).These approaches correlate with hermeneutic approaches to videogame interpretation.”

• cites Horban, Maletska, 2018 sourceSupported

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

According to those definitions, all videogames are more or less games and need a player at least as a spectator who starts the process of play and is involved in it to some extent.

“According to them, all videogames are more or less games, they need player at least as a spectator who starts the process of play and is involved in it to some extent”

• cites Frasca (1999)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Esposito (2005) sourcePartly supported

  The definition section calls a videogame a game that we play, supporting the claim that videogames are games and involve a player. But the PLAY section does not say that a spectator can count as the player or that the player starts the process; it instead says players expect to do, not to watch. The indexed passages have no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.85)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Sicart (2009) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Ludo-hermeneutics interprets videogames as games but prioritizes the game above the player.

“2) ludo-hermeneutics -with the game as core concept (videogame is interpreted as a game, but the game is prioritized above player)”

• cites Frasca, 1999Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Esposito, 2005 sourcePartly supported

  The GAME section says that videogames are, before anything else, games, supporting that part of the claim. But the paper does not identify this view as “ludo-hermeneutics” or say that the game takes priority over the player; its definition explicitly includes play, and the AUDIOVISUAL APPARATUS section quotes a view centered on player experience. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Sicart, 2009 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Arjoranta focuses on interactivity and temporality as characteristics related to real-time hermeneutics.

“Instead of it, he focuses on interactivity and temporality as characteristics related to real-time hermeneutics.”

• cites Arjoranta, 2011Supported

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Arjoranta mentions different concepts of time as marks of interaction: play time, fictional time, narrative time, story time and dead time.

“He also mentions different concepts of time as marks of interaction: play time (time span taken to play a game); fictional time (the time that progresses within a game); narrative time (time of narrating the story); story time (time within the story); dead time (time in games that is experienced as dull, repeating and not entertaining).”

• cites Arjoranta, 2011Supported

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Let's Plays are often uploaded to video sharing websites such as YouTube and Twitch, where one can subscribe to the Let's Player, leave comments and feedback and message the Let's Player privately.

“Let's Plays are often uploaded to video sharing websites where one can subscribe to the Let's Player, leave comments and feedback and message the Let's Player privately, such as YouTube and Twitch (Fjællingsdal, 2014: 11 1).”

• cites Fjællingsdal, 2014 sourceSupported

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

According to Arjoranta, real-time hermeneutics is more concerned with the processes of interpretation that are active when the player plays.

“According to him, the real-time hermeneutics is more concerned with the processes of interpretation that are active when the player plays.”

• cites Arjoranta, 2011Supported

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In Arjoranta's research different types of 'real time' are used to describe interaction between game and player.

“In J. Arjoranta's research, different types of”

• cites Arjoranta, 2011Supported

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The game 'Doki Doki Literature Club!' pretends to be a simple visual novel with plot influence through poetry-writing choices and transforms into psychedelic horror after one of the plot twists.

“Pretending to be a simple visual novel with possibility of influence on the plot through the choices in poetry writing, it transforms into psychedelic horror after one of the plot twists.”

May combine two claims.

In 'Doki Doki Literature Club!' the player may delete characters in each act, which leads to changes in the game process and game behavior.

“Player may delete characters of the game in each acts of game and it will lead to the changes in game process and game behavior.”

May combine two claims.

In 'Doki Doki Literature Club!' rule-breaking actions are not inevitable or compulsive for the player, but the developers accounted for the possible desire to break the game process or examine game files.

“These actions are not inevitable or compulsive for the player; however, the developers accounted possible player's desire to break the game process or to examine game files that are usually compiled or hidden to be inaccessible for player.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In the 'Souls' series some equipment and new items may be obtained only during the second playthrough ('new game+').

“some equipment and new items may be obtained only during the second playthrough, so-called”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

In 'Pathologic' the third game plot ('the path of Changeling') is available only after finishing the first ('the path of Bachelor') or the second ('the path of Haruspex').

“in”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Videogames presented a conflict between narrative and gameplay, since classical narrative tends to fixed pre-determined structures and gameplay is based on interactivity.

“Videogames presented a conflict between narrative and gameplay, since classical narrative tends to fixed pre-determined structures and gameplay is based on interactivity.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Understanding videogame as an unchangeable system where the player exists as a part of a game excludes many genres from the possibility of interpretation.

“However, understanding videogame as an unchangeable system where player exists as a part of a game excludes many genres from the possibility of interpretation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Game hermeneutics is a more traditional type of hermeneutics, interested in games as objects that need to be interpreted in certain historical contexts.

“Game hermeneutics is a more traditional type of hermeneutics, interested in games as objects that need to be interpreted in certain historical contexts.”

• cites Arjoranta, 2015: 59Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The role of the player in visual novels reduces to the role of passive or active reader who has little freedom of actions.

“The role of the player in such games reduces to the role of passive or active reader who has little freedom of actions.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Studies of videogames on the base of the game concept usually start with ideas of Johan Huizinga.

“Studies of videogames on the base of game concept usually start with ideas of Johan Huizinga.”

• cites Huizinga, 1949Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Some visual novels need to be interpreted in certain historical and social context, but without paying much attention to the game nature of videogames.

“Some visual novels need to be interpreted in certain historical, social context, but without paying much attention to the game nature of videogames.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

This position emphasizes the player as a part of the game system, an agent partly definable by the role the game affords, and as a condition framed by the game's affordances and therefore as an integrated part of game.

“This position has sometimes been construed as a focus on the formal aspects of play, but it would be more accurate to see it as an emphasis on the player as a part of the game system, an agent partly definable by the role the game affords, and as a condition framed by the game's affordances and therefore as an integrated part of game (Wolf, Perron, 2014).”

• cites Wolf, Perron, 2014Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Understanding is always the fusion of horizons supposedly existing by themselves.

“Understanding is always the fusion of these horizons supposedly existing by themselves (Gadamer, 2004: 305).”

• cites Gadamer, 2004: 305Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Understanding, and with it the hermeneutic circle, becomes a condition for the possibility of human experience and inquiry.

“Understanding, and with it the hermeneutic circle, becomes a condition for the possibility of human experience and inquiry (Hoy, 1982: 7).”

• cites Hoy, 1982: 7Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Previous understanding in general becomes a part of horizon for further interpreting.

“Previous understanding in general becomes a part of horizon for further interpreting.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The player in videogames is not only an interpreter, as in literary works or films, but an actor in the virtual world of the game.

“The player is not only an interpreter, as he is in case of interaction with literary works or films, he is an actor in the virtual world of the game.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Videogames differ from other media by their interactivity and specific relations between game and player.

“Videogames are complex contemporary phenomenon that differs from other media with its interactivity and specific relations between game and player.”

• Also stated in: § Introduction · plain

  “Videogames are different from other media, particularly because of the specific role of player.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In hermeneutics, not only documents, literary texts and scriptures can be called texts, but also symbols, rituals, practices and customs, myths, structures of power, kinship and social set-ups, and many more besides.

“Today, not only documents, literary texts and scriptures can be called texts, but also symbols, rituals, practices and customs, myths, structures of power, kinship and social set-ups, and many more besides (Demeterio, 2001).”

• cites Demeterio, 2001Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The absence of a common hermeneutic methodology makes it hardly possible to interpret videogames and understand the specific features of interpretation by player, spectator and developer.

“The absence of common methodology, especially hermeneutic methodology, makes it hardly possible to deal with the interpretation of videogames and understanding of specific features of interpretation of games by player, spectator and developer.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Videogames contain messages that are perceived by players and can remain misunderstood or unnoticed.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Modern games try to address the narrative-gameplay conflict through branching, non-linearity and stories with multiple endings which depend on the player choices.

“Modern games try to address this issue though branching, non-linearity and stories with multiple endings which depends on the player choices (Yolanda, 2016: 7).”

• cites Yolanda, 2016: 7Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Videogames formed the possibility for communication and cooperation between players inside the game world and for creation of virtual societies with their own politics, economics, ethical rules and moral norms, which separates them from all other media.

“namely videogames were the phenomenon which formed a possibility for communication and cooperation between players inside the game world, for creation of virtual societies with their own politics, economics, ethical rules and moral norms, which separates them from all other media.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

There are non-verbal videogames, games without words used in the game process, in which language is used only in the main menu and is not involved in gameplay.

“There are non-verbal videogames, games without words used in game process.In such games language is used only in main menu and is not involved in gameplay.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Reinterpretation is different from first-time interpretation because of previous experience of fusion of horizon.

“The alternative interpretations appear not only because of changes of the reader; reinterpretation is different from the first-time interpretation because of previous experience of fusion of horizon.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Not only players, who interpret games with the view of winning, but also spectators and developers can interpret videogames differently because of different positions and influence on interpretation of each other.

“Not only players, who interpret games with the view of winning, but also spectators and developers can interpret videogames differently because of different positions and influence on interpretation of each other.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

There are several approaches to hermeneutic interpretation of videogames, but they give different answers to questions of relations of game and player and emphasize different aspects of understanding.

“There are several approaches to hermeneutic interpretation of videogames.However, they give different answers to questions of relations of game and player and emphasize different aspects of understanding.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Procedural hermeneutics interprets videogames as procedural systems and does not consider the importance of player's actions and the possibility of breaking rules.

“3) procedural hermeneutics -with rules as core concept (videogame is interpreted as procedural system; this approach does not consider the importance of player's actions and possibility of breaking rules)”

• cites Bogost, 2008Not checked — no full text of the source
• cites Sicart, 2011Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

There is still no generally used definition of videogame.

“There is still no generally used definition of videogame.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Real-time hermeneutics interprets videogames as interactive systems and states the particular role of the player, distinguishing it from the role of the spectator.

“4) real-time hermeneutics -with interactivity as core concept (videogame is interpreted as interactive system; this approach states the particular role of player and distinguishes it from the role of spectator)”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Videogames create a plurality of worlds that exist and change with player's actions.

“They create a plurality of worlds existing changing with player's actions.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In visual novels, the more complicated the plot and the more massive the novel, the number of possible options increases.

“The more complicated the plot is and the more massive the novel is, the number of possible options increases.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In the hermeneutic philosophy of Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer, the hermeneutic circle becomes a fundamental principle of man's understanding of his own nature and situation.

“Whereas in earlier hermeneutics the circle is used primarily to describe the understanding of texts, in the hermeneutic philosophy of Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer the circle becomes a fundamental principle of man's understanding of his own nature and situation.”

• cites Hoy, 1982: 7Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Ludo-hermeneutics considers the player as an actor with a more important role than simple observing.

“This approach considers player as actor, who has more important role to play in videogame than simple observing.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

For videogames, especially multiplayer games, feedback given by players is extremely important, shows the level of understanding of the product by users and provides changes in games.

“For videogames, especially multiplayer games, feedback given by players is extremely important, it shows the level of understanding of product by users and provides changes in games.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The real subject of the game is not the player but instead the game itself.

“The real subject of the game (this is shown in precisely those experiences in which there is only a single player) is not the player but instead the game itself”

• cites Gadamer, 2004: 106Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

In the case of videogames, problems of the philosophy of language are the same as in the case of other texts.

“The great attention in hermeneutics is paid to problems of language, however, in case of videogames problems of the philosophy of language are the same as in case of other texts.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The Let's Play phenomenon is excluded from the process of comprehensive understanding because of the absence of hermeneutic conceptualization.

“One of the phenomena that is excluded from the process of comprehensive understanding because of the absence of hermeneutic conceptualization is Let's Play phenomenon.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The narrative spiral builds up an intersubjective gameworld common to any possible player, whereas the hermeneutic spiral ties the gameworld to the real world.

“Narrative spiral builds up an intersubjective gameworld, that is common for any possible player and where different types of actors are defined by their relations to other actors, whereas hermeneutic spiral does not simply tell something about gameworld but ties it somehow to the real world.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The rules shape not only the process but also the meaning of videogames.

“He argues that the rules shape not only the process, but also the meaning of videogames”

• cites Bogost, 2008: 121Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Let's Play spectators are able to impact the player's interpretation with their comments, reactions and responses.

“Let's Play spectators are also able to impact on player's interpretation with their comments, reactions and responses.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Let's Plays provide communication between players, player and spectators, and even player and developers.

“They provide communication between players, player and spectators and even player and developers.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Both cycles consist of circles of interpretation and together form a new hermeneutic circle whose part is the previous understanding of both cycles and whose whole is the videogame in general.

“Both cycle consist of circles of interpretation, and together they also form a new hermeneutic circle, where a part is previous understanding of both cycles and the whole is the videogame in general.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Procedural hermeneutics pays more attention to the role of the player but centers on the interaction with rule-based non-human Otherness.

“procedural hermeneutics in general pays more attention to the role of player, but it centers on the interaction with rule-based non-human Otherness -computer or other hardware used for playing videogame.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Ludo-hermeneutics understands the player as an object bound with the game world without any possibility to change it or to act freely.

“This approach also understands the player as not as subject, but as object bound with game world without any possibility to change it or to act freely.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Arjoranta's approach cannot be considered as temporal hermeneutics because of the explanatory meaning of the different concepts of time.

“This approach cannot be considered as temporal hermeneutics because of explanatory meaning of the”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

A player who produces a Let's Play shows his opinion and interpretation and thereby impacts spectators.

“Player who is a producer of Let's Play shows his opinion and his interpretation and, thus, impacts on spectators.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The mentioned hermeneutic approaches cover the most part of the videogame phenomenon.

“Mentioned hermeneutic approaches cover the most part of the videogame phenomenon.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The narrative spiral builds up a game's meaning while the hermeneutic spiral introduces a game's significance.

“Narrative spiral builds up a game's meaning while hermeneutic spiral introduces a game's significance.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

It depends on a player's social position how she interprets a game and whether she interprets it at all.

“It depends on a player's social position how she interprets a game and whether she interprets it at all.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

The mentioned hermeneutic approaches have formed the ground for deep analysis and developed the methodology for research on the sense-making and interpretation of videogames.

“They have formed the ground for deep analysis and developed the methodology for researches”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The principles of procedural hermeneutics as an independent method were presented by Alexey Salin, who developed them on the base of Bogost's researches as an attempt to find a middle position between proceduralism and its critique.

“The principles of procedural hermeneutics as independent method were presented by Alexey Salin.He developed these principles on base of I. Bogost's researches as an attempt to find middle position between proceduralism and its critique.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Games are both systems of rules and fictions.

“Games are thus suggested to be both systems of rules and fictions (Bateman, 2011: 14).”

• cites Bateman, 2011: 14Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The understanding of a video game can be described as a process that passes through two spirals, a narrative one and a hermeneutic one.

“The understanding of a video game can be described as a process that passes through two spirals, a narrative one and a hermeneutic one.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A person not involved in playing may consider the play not serious and spoil the game with such understanding of it.

“But the person who is not involved in playing may consider it not serious and spoil the game with such understanding of a game.”

• cites GadamerNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Aarseth states important characteristics of videogames that were disregarded by Arjoranta.

“E. Aarseth also states important characteristics of videogames that were disregarded by J. Arjoranta.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

In some cases a videogame is aimed at breaking the rules or going beyond the limits of the game process.

“In some cases videogame is aimed at breaking the rules or going beyond the limits of the game process.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Understanding a message of a video game requires understanding of the logic of the program confronting the player while she is playing.

“Understanding a message of a video game requires understanding of the logic of the program confronting the player while she is playing.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

This communication is based on the process of playing videogames and can be considered a particular case of interpretation involving more than one subject.

“This communication is based on the process of playing videogames and can be considered as particular case of interpretation with involving more than one subject.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

According to Gadamer, the attitude of a player towards a play is particularly serious even if the play is an entertainment.

“According to H.-G. Gadamer, the attitude of a player towards a play is particularly serious even if the play is an entertainment.”

• cites GadamerNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The interpretation of the game may change when it is played by the player, seen in Let's Play form, or seen during interpersonal communication.

“The interpretation of the game may change when it is played by the player, seen in Let's Play form, seen during the process of interpersonal communication etc.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Procedural hermeneutics ignores the possibility of the player's attempts to break game rules.

“Although it considers the role of player, it also ignores the possibility of player's attempts to break game rules.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

This cycle is a specific variation of the hermeneutic circle.

“This cycle is a specific variation of hermeneutic circle.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The different concepts of time are all used to represent quantitative criteria of interactivity, experience or perceived information.

“They all are used to represent quantitative criteria of interactivity, experience or perceived information.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Game developers need feedback to understand how players interpret their games and how players would like to change games for the better.

“Game developers need feedback to understand how players interpret their games and how players would like to change games for better.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Another way of understanding videogames is based on dynamics and interactivity as the most important features distinguishing them from other media.

“Another way of understanding videogames is based on the dynamics and interactivity as the most important features distinguishing them from other media.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The player interprets the game with the aim to win or to achieve the desired goal.

“The player interprets the game with the aim to win or to achieve the desired goal.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Modern game developers build their games taking into consideration that the player might want to confront the videogame in general rather than a fictional enemy.

“Modern game developers build their game with taking into consideration the fact that player might want to confront not the fictional enemy, but all videogame in general.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Some researchers focus attention on the system of rules, including both rules of interaction as external rules and rules of game world as internal, artificial rules.

“Some researchers focus attention on one of the important parts of games -the system of rules.This includes both rules of interaction as external rules and rules of game world as internal, artificial rules”

• cites Juul, 2005Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The term 'real-time hermeneutics' was first used by Espen Aarseth in his analysis of methodological approaches to game studies.

“The term”

• cites Aarseth, 2003Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The mentioned hermeneutic approaches do not analyze the interaction between player and developer.

“Mentioned hermeneutic approaches do not analyze an interaction between player and developer.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The possibility of communication with the developers distinguishes videogames from other media.

“The possibility of communication with the developers also differs videogames from other media.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Understanding a game requires communication with non-human Otherness.

“Since understanding a game has a dialogue form, it is claimed that this understanding requires communication with non-human Otherness (Salin, 2018: 7-8).”

• cites Salin, 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Such pragmatic interpretation is impossible in the case of other media.

“Such interpretation is impossible in case of other media.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Procedural hermeneutics considers the player as a subject who accepts rules as a default or misunderstands them.

“it considers the player as subject who accepts rules as a default or misunderstands them.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Bogost's methods of understanding are proposed as means of finding and explaining hidden ways of thinking that may influence the player's behavior and attitude towards different phenomena of human life.

“His methods of understanding are proposed as means of finding and explaining the hidden ways of thinking that may influence on the player's behavior and attitude towards the different phenomena of human life.”

• cites Bogost, 2008Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

There may be multiple temporal modes of the playing-understanding relationship.

“There may be multiple temporal modes of playing-understanding relationship.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

A player cannot interpret values embodied in procedures of a computer game independently of a visual, audial and/or verbal content of the game.

“A player cannot interpret values embodied in procedures of a computer game independently of a visual, audial and/or verbal content of the game.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Several ideas important for game studies were uncovered by these approaches.

“However, several ideas important for game studies were uncovered by these approaches.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

The rules should not be absolutized; if rules are considered the central category that proves the difference of videogames from other media and arts, videogames appear reduced to a simple rule-based structure and the role of player and play in general is negated.

“However, the rules should not be absolutized.In case that rules are considered the central category that proves the difference of videogames from other media and arts, videogames appear reduced to simple rule-based structure and the role of player and play in general is negated.”

May combine two claims.

The idea of the difference of view of player and nonplayer was first mentioned by Gadamer and later transformed by Aarseth.

“This idea was firstly mentioned by H.-G. Gadamer and, after a while, transformed by E. Aarseth.”

• cites GadamerNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites AarsethNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Ludo-hermeneutics laid the foundation for procedural hermeneutics.

“This approach laid the foundation for forming of the next approach described in our article.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The logic of the program may sharply differ from what we consider to be human logic.

“This logic may sharply differ in many ways from what we consider to be a human logic.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Aarseth mentioned the difference between the interpretation of spectator and interpretation of player.

“E. Aarseth mentioned the difference between the interpretation of spectator and interpretation of player.”

• cites AarsethNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The existence of critique of proceduralism gave a grounding for the development of procedural hermeneutics as a methodology based on procedural rhetoric but with significant modifications.

“The existence of such critique of proceduralism gave a grounding for the development of procedural hermeneutics as methodology based on procedural rhetoric but with significant modifications.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Ludo-hermeneutics prioritizes the game above the player, partially missing the fact that a game cannot exist and cannot be interpreted without player's participation.

“It prioritize the game above player, partially missing the fact that game cannot exist and cannot be interpreted without player's participation.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: A game cannot exist and cannot be interpreted without player's participation.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The idea of the difference of view of player and nonplayer was described but was not conceptualized.

“This idea was described, but was not conceptualized.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The main task of the player is to win or to get a desired result from the game process, and the view of the player differs from the view of the researcher or spectator.

“The main task of the player is to win or to get a desired result from the game process; the view of the player differs from the view of researcher or spectator.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

It is impossible to change a written book or produced film in such a way, but in the case of videogames the player often has such an opportunity.

“It is impossible to change the written book or produced film in such way, but in case of videogames player often has such opportunity.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Videogames are unique among other media because of the possibility to influence changes in game development or to transform game files / improve the game manually.

“Videogames are unique among other media because of possibility to influence on the changes in game development or to transform game files / improve the game manually.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Interpretation of basic parts and the integrity formed by them is particularly important for the player to interpret the game and to find the way to win.

“Interpretation of basic parts and the integrity formed by them is particularly important for player to interpret the game -and to find the way to win.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Interpretation of player, spectator and developer of a videogame vary widely but are all related to one phenomenon.

“interpretation of player, spectator and developer of a videogame vary widely, but they all are related to one phenomenon”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

For procedural hermeneutics videogames are systems of rules, which reduces them strongly.

“for procedural hermeneutics videogames are systems of rules, which reduces them strongly”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The general hermeneutic approach interprets videogames close to narratives.

“general hermeneutic approach interprets videogames close to narratives”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

To understand the whole game, the player should learn to understand different parts of the game: game mechanics, rules of interaction and the possibility of breaking them, and connections between single actions and their results.

“To understand the whole game, player should learn to understand different parts of game: game mechanics, rules of interaction and possibility of breaking them, connections between single actions and their results etc.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

The hermeneutic approaches represented in the article cover the most part of understanding of videogames, but there are still perspectives for further research.

“Hermeneutic approaches represented in this article cover the most part of understanding of videogames, however, there still are perspectives for further researches.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The situation of breaking the game is insufficiently studied.

“The situation of breaking the game is also insufficiently studied.”

May combine two claims.

The presented approaches cannot describe the situation in which the player goes beyond game limits, so it is not possible to understand how the player interprets the game in this case.

“presented approaches cannot describe the situation in which player goes beyond game limits, so it is not possible to provide understanding how the player interprets the game in this case.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The process of understanding of a videogame is multiaspect.

“Thus, the process of understanding of a videogame is multiaspect.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Understanding of parts forms general understanding of the game as an integrated phenomenon.

“And understanding of parts forms general understanding of the game as an integrated phenomenon.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The player is an interpreter different from a reader or spectator because of the possibility of interaction and the existence of specific purposes: to win or achieve a desired goal.

“The player is an interpreter that is different from reader or spectator because of possibility of interaction and the existence of specific purposes: to win or achieve a desired goal.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

In connection with videogames the problem of hermeneutics transforms into how videogames are interpreted by the player and how their interpretation differs from the interpretation of other texts.

“in connection with videogames the problem of hermeneutics transforms as follows: how videogames are interpreted by player and how their interpretation differs from interpretation of other texts.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The player can be considered a non-scientific researcher who interprets videogames in a doubled way, and developers are specific subjects of game interaction who establish rules and regulate their changes.

“So, player can be considered a non-scientific researcher who interprets videogames in doubled way, and developers are specific subjects of game interaction who establish rules, provide and regulate their further changes.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Videogames are a complex phenomenon which requires specific methods of analysis and interpretation.

“Videogames are complex phenomenon which requires specific methods of analysis and interpretation.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The player interprets the game with the aim to win and at the same time analyzes advantages and disadvantages of the game process, problems, mechanics, localization and graphic bugs.

“Player interprets game in usual way with the aim to win, and, at the same time, player analyzes advantages and disadvantages of game process, problems occurred in process of playing, disadvantages of mechanics, localization, graphic bugs etc.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The process of reinterpretation and the phenomenon of replayability remain undiscovered.

“The process of reinterpretation and the phenomenon of replayability also remain undiscovered.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

All mentioned approaches center on games and pay less attention to the figure of the player.

“All mentioned approaches center on games and pay less attention to the figure of player.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Communication with game developers is also a specific situation of understanding and interpretation.

“The communication with game developers is also specific situation of understanding and interpretation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

These items may change interpretation of the game because they add new information about the game world or new possible game mechanics.

“These items may also change interpretation of the game because they add new information about the game world or new possible game mechanics.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Videogames embody and represent the hermeneutic circle in its broad sense.

“Videogames embody and represent the hermeneutic circle in its broad sense.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

In the case of real-time hermeneutics, videogames are considered as a specific phenomenon with interactivity in its core.

“in case of real-time hermeneutics, videogames are considered as specific phenomenon with interactivity in its core.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Ludo-hermeneutics considers videogames as games first of all and builds the understanding on this ground.

“ludo-hermeneutics considers videogames as games first of all and builds the understanding on this ground”