Aspen, Elk, and Fire in Northern Yellowstone Park

Romme, William H.; Turner, Monica G.; Wallace, Linda L.; Walker, Jennifer S.

doi:10.2307/1941684

Cited by 312Fire effects on ecosystemsRangeland and Wildlife ManagementWildlife Ecology and Conservation

Aspen, Elk, and Fire in Northern Yellowstone Park

Romme, William H., Turner, Monica G., Wallace, Linda L., Walker, Jennifer S.·1995·Ecology

DOI 10.2307/1941684

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Abstract

Most stands of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) in northern Yellowstone National Park appear to have become established between 1870 and 1890, with little regeneration since 1900. There has been controversy throughout this century regarding the relative roles of browsing by elk (Cervus elaphus) and fire suppression in preventing aspen regeneration. Fires in 1988 burned 22% of the northern ungulate winter range in the park, and created an unusual opportunity to investigate interactions between fire, ungulate browsing, and aspen regeneration. We tested two hypotheses. (1) The fires would stimulate such prolific sprouting of new aspen stems in burned stands that many stems would escape ungulate browsing and regenerate a canopy of large aspen stems. (2) Browsing pressure would be so intense that it would inhibit aspen canopy regeneration in the burned stands, despite prolific sprouting, but increased forage production in the burned areas would attract elk so that they would not seek out remote aspen stands, and hence, aspen regeneration would occur in unburned aspen stands remote from the burned areas. We sampled aspen sprout density, height, growth form, and browsing intensity in six burned aspen stands six unburned stands close ( 4 km) from the burned area. Density of sprouts was generally greater in the burned stands than in the unburned stands in spring 1990 (2 yr after the fires), but was approaching the density of unburned stands by fall 1991. There were no significant…

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Research has not isolated the effect of elk herbivory on aspen from other factors including temperature, moisture, snow pack, bovid herbivory, and conifer competition.
“To date, however, there is an absence of research capable of isolating the effect of elk herbivory from other factors that may influence aspen, including temperature (Brown et al. 2006), moisture (Romme et al. 1995), snow pack (Brodie et al. 2012), bovid herbivory (Kimble et al. 2011, Beschta & Ripple 2014), and competition with conifers (Bartos 2001).”
From Trophic Cascades in a Multicausal World: Isle Royale and Yellowstone (2014) · cites this paper as Romme et al. 1995
Beaver abundance during Warren's surveys was based on availability of aspen (and willow) created by a surge in aspen recruitment from 1870-90, but after beavers cut this aspen, it did not regrow, probably because of elk browsing.
“Beaver abundance during Warren's (1921 and 1923; Warren 1926) surveys was based on availability of aspen (and willow) created by a surge in aspen recruitment from 1870-90 (Romme et al. 1995, Wagner 2006), but after beavers cut this aspen, it did not regrow, probably because of elk browsing (Larsen and Ripple 2003, Kauffman et al. 2010).”
From The History and Current Status and Distribution of Beavers in Yellowstone National Park (2012) · cites this paper as Romme et al. 1995

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Authors: Romme, W. H., Turner, M. G., Wallace, L. L., & Walker, J. S.
ORCID: Turner, Monica G.
Wallace, Linda L.
Venue: Ecology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1995-10
Volume: 76
Issue: 7
Pages: 2097-2106
ISSN: 0012-9658 (ISSN-L)
1939-9170
DOI: 10.2307/1941684
OpenAlex: W2170563059
Cited by: 312
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 5.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Ecology (publishedVersion)
Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Keywords: Populus tremuloides, elk browsing, fire suppression, aspen regeneration, 1988 Yellowstone fires, predator-prey interactions, wolf predation, Yellowstone National Park, forage production, sprout growth

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Aspen, Elk, and Fire in Northern Yellowstone Park

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