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The Sociological Study of Stress
Abstract
This paper presents a critical overview of current concepts and analytic practices in stress research and considers how they can be changed to make the research more consistent with core sociological interests. An overarching concern of the paper is the analytic use of basic information about people's social and institutional affiliations and statuses. It is important that such information be treated not simply as data that need to be controlled statistically; we must examine the bearing of these data on each domain of the stress process: the exposure to and meaning of stressors, access to stress mediators, and the psychological, physical, and behavioral manifestations of stress. The conceptualization and measurement of stressors should move away from their focus on particular events or chronic strains and should seek instead to observe and assess over time constellations of stressors made up of both events and strains. Moreover, the effects of the mediators--coping and social support--are evaluated most fruitfully in terms of their effects in limiting the number, severity, and diffusion of stressors in these constellations. Finally, sociological stress researchers should not be bound to outcomes that better serve the intellectual interests of those who work with biomedical and epidemiological models of stress, nor should the research be committed exclusively to a single outcome.
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“Stressor exposures are also interpreted differently at different points in our life course since one’s developmental stage changes the meaning and expectations of life events (Pearlin, 1989).”
From More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science (2018) · cites this paper as Pearlin, 1989
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“Such aspects of the self represent personal resources that serve as significant barriers to the stressful effects of life’s vicissitudes (Pearlin, 1989).”
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The social epidemiology of coping with infertility
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“Important elements of coping may be learned from one’s membership and reference groups, in the same way as other behaviours are learned and internalized (Pearlin, 1989).”
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“Informed by social stress discourse (Mir-owsky & Ross, 1980; Pearlin, 1989) and the social causality of distress (Dohrenwend et al., 1992), Meyer argues that the minority stress that the LGBT community faces leads to adverse health outcomes.”
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“, social statuses and social roles), access to resources, and effectiveness and/or abilities of coping with these resources (Pearlin 1989; Thoits 2010).”
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Pirani, E., & Salvini, S. (2015) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.11.033 · Cited by 104
“Unemployment has been found to deteriorate mental health (Murphy and Athanasou, 1999) due to the financial difficulties or extreme psychological strain that it triggers (Pearlin, 1989).”
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InfluentialAffective Ties to Parents in Early Adulthood and Self-Esteem Across 20 Years
Roberts, R. E. L., & Bengtson, V. L. (1996) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2787121 · Cited by 105
Older People’s Nonphysical Contacts and Depression During the COVID-19 Lockdown
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“According to the notion of “stress proliferation” (Pearlin 1989; Pearlin et al 2005), new stressors directly or indirectly created by COVID-19 may also amplify preexisting stressors, particularly chronic stressors (Pearlin et al 1981), e.”
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“See Mirowsky and Ross (1989) and Pearlin (1989) for discussions of the appropriateness to social science of a focus on distress rather than clinical diagnosis.”
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“The social conditions in which SES groups are embedded are important determinants of exposure to stress and resources to confront and deal with stressful experiences (Mirowsky & Ross, 1989; Pearlin, 1989; Williams & House, 1991).”
BackgroundHaugland, S., Wold, B., & Torsheim, T. (2003) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2003.10609074 · Cited by 104
Gender Differences in the Effects of Strain on the Delinquency of South Korean Youth
Morash, M., & Moon, B. (2007) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x06287861 · Cited by 104
“tend to externalize their reactions by becoming aggressive or getting involved in property offenses (Aneshensel, 1992; Leadbeater, Blatt, & Quinlan, 1995; Pearlin, 1989).”
BackgroundTrajectories of Change in Obesity and Symptoms of Depression: The CARDIA Study
Needham, B. L., Epel, E. S., Adler, N. E., & Kiefe, C. I. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.172809 · Cited by 103
“stress-buffering resources, members of socially disadvantaged groups, including women, racial/ ethnic minorities, and those with less education, may be more likely to engage in comfort eating behavior to reduce symptoms of distress.(18,19) In addition, we expect to find that the association between initial weight and…”
Mental Well-Being in First Year Medical Students: A Comparison by Race and Gender
Hardeman, R. R., Przedworski, J. M., Burke, S. E., Burgess, D. J., Phelan, S. M., Dovidio, J. F., Nelson, D. B., Rockwood, T. H., & van Ryn, M. (2015) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-015-0087-x · Cited by 112
“Psychosocial resources, which include coping style, social support, a sense ofmastery or personal control, and self-esteem, all influence mental well-being [56, 57].”
Xu, L., Tang, F., Li, L., & Dong, X. Q. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw186 · Cited by 103
GENERAL STRAIN THEORY: ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE USING CROSS‐CULTURAL DATA*
Botchkovar, E. V., Tittle, C. R., & Antonaccio, O. (2009) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2009.00141.x · Cited by 106
Childhood Abuse and Criminal Behavior
Watts, S. J., & McNulty, T. L. (2013) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260513488696 · Cited by 112
“The focus on the loss of valued persons or property and the presentation of noxious stimuli as important strains comes from the literature on stress (Mirowsky & Ross, 2003; Pearlin, 1989).”
BackgroundThe Health of Poor Urban Women: Findings from the Project on Devolution and Urban Change.
Polit, D. F., London, A. S., & Martinez, J. M. (2001) · Cited by 102
Integrating Biomarkers in Social Stratification and Health Research
Harris, K. M., & Schorpp, K. (2018) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053339 · Cited by 107
“In other words, the availability of social support, engagement in health-risk behaviors, and exposure to environmental risk are all likely to be tied to the stress process (Pearlin 1989).”
BackgroundNeighborhood as a Social Context of the Stress Process
Aneshensel, C. S. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1021-9_3 · Cited by 105
“A fundamental tenet of the stress process model is that differences in mental health among social groups can be explained in terms of differences among groups in exposure to stress and access to resources (Pearlin, 1989, 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialDo race and gender matter in police stress? A preliminary assessment of the interactive effects
He, N. “., Zhao, J. “., & Ren, L. (2005) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.08.003 · Cited by 102
“For example, these structures acted as various systems of social stratification such as race and ethnicity, gender, age, and social and economic class (Pearlin, 1989).”
BackgroundInfluentialTransition, stress and computer-mediated social support
Mikal, J. P., Rice, R. E., Abeyta, A., & DeVilbiss, J. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.012 · Cited by 100
“Social support Pearlin (1989) defines social support as what people use when attempting to respond to life problems.”
BackgroundInfluentialHolahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., Holahan, C. K., & Brennan, P. L. (1995) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.14.2.152 · Cited by 101
Long-Term Impact of Preventive Proactivity on Quality of Life of the Old-Old
Kahana, E. F., Lawrence, R. H., Kahana, B., Kercher, K., Wisniewski, A., Stoller, E. P., Tobin, J., & Stange, K. C. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200205000-00003 · Cited by 102
“Research anchored in the stress paradigm has generally focused on the effects of stress exposure, vulnerability, and coping with stress on quality of late life (8, 9).”
BackgroundHypertension labelling, life events and psychological well-being
Moum, T., Næss, S. C. K., Sørensen, T., Tambs, K., & Holmen, J. (1990) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700017153 · Cited by 101
Gender, the Assertion of Autonomy, and the Stress Process in Young Adulthood
Gundy, K. T. V. (2002) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3090107 · Cited by 101
Hilton, J. M., & Devall, E. L. (1997) · Journal of Family and Economic Issues · doi:10.1023/a:1024974829218 · Cited by 100
“The effort to conceptualize and measure economic strain has largely originated from the work of Pearlin and his colleagues ( Pearlin, 1983, 1989; Pearlin et al., 1981; Pearlin & Schooler, 1978), who theorized that undesired life events lead to "strains" or stressors, which diminish self-esteem and mastery and alter ps…”
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Collective Threat, Trust, and the Sense of Personal Control
Ross, C. E. (2011) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146511404558 · Cited by 100
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Coping with breast cancer over time and situation
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Scenes from a Marriage: Examining Support, Coping, and Gender Within the Context of Chronic Illness
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From stress to distress: Conceptualizing the British family farming patriarchal way of life
Price, L., & Evans, N. (2008) · Journal of Rural Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2008.03.008 · Cited by 99
Aneshensel, C. S., & Avison, W. R. (2015) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869315585388 · Cited by 99
Anger in Black and White: Race, Alienation, and Anger
Mabry, J. B., & Kiecolt, K. J. (2005) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/002214650504600107 · Cited by 102
Why We Do What We Do: A Biopsychosocial Theory of Human Motivation
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Trauma and Cumulative Adversity in Women of a Disadvantaged Social Location.
Kubiak, S. P. (2005) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/0002-9432.75.4.451 · Cited by 98
Age, SES, and health: a population level analysis of health inequalities over the lifecourse.
Prus, S. G. (2007) · Sociology of Health and Illness · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.00547.x · Cited by 114
Childhood physical abuse and midlife physical health: Testing a multi-pathway life course model
Springer, K. W. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.04.011 · Cited by 98
“These mechanisms generally include behavioral strategies to cope with memories of violence (i.e. smoking), emotional and psychological responses (i.e. depression and anxiety), and secondary stressors (i.e. poor adult relationships) (Kendall-Tackett, 2003; Pearlin, 1989).”
BackgroundThe stress of the university experience for students with Asperger syndrome
Glennon, T. J. (2001) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-2001-00188 · Cited by 99
“Stress, an individualized phenomenon unique to each person and the environment, can be characterized as two types, life events and chronic strains [30].”
Religion and Well-Being among Canadian University Students: The Role of Faith Groups on Campus
Frankel, B. G., & Hewitt, W. E. (1994) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1386637 · Cited by 100
Coping with racial discrimination: The case of Asian Americans
Kuo, W. H. (1995) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.1995.9993856 · Cited by 97
Effects of acculturation and social network support on depression among elderly Korean immigrants
Kim, B. J., Sangalang, C. C., & Kihl, T. (2012) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2012.660622 · Cited by 94
“According to the stress process framework, individuals who are disadvantaged in society, such as immigrants and the elderly, are the most vulnerable to social stressors (Pearlin, 1989).”
BackgroundWoldoff, R. A., & Litchfield, R. C. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190931780.001.0001 · Cited by 102
Unemployment and health: contextual-level influences on the production of health in populations
Béland, F., Birch, S., & Stoddart, G. L. (2002) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00344-6 · Cited by 94
Adolescent stress and coping: A longitudinal study
Grour, M. W., Thomas, S. P., & Shoffner, D. H. (1992) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770150307 · Cited by 96
Exposure to Interparental Conflict and Psychological Disorder Among Young Adults
Turner, H. A., & Kopiec, K. (2006) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x05280991 · Cited by 94
“In general, future research would benefit greatly by more explicit assessments of chronic stress contexts (Pearlin, 1989; Wheaton, 1997) that may accompany more discrete stressors, such as physical abuse events.”
BackgroundLiminal Men: Incarceration and Relationship Dissolution
Turney, K. (2015) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spv015 · Cited by 103
“Stress theory suggests that incarceration is a stressful event associated with deleterious health consequences both throughout confinement and after release (Pearlin 1989; Turney et al. 2012) and, indeed, empirical research documents these consequences (Schnitter and John 2007).”
BackgroundNikken, P. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1281-3 · Cited by 95
“…shed more light on the instrumental use of electronic media devices by parents in their childrearing practices, guided by the stress process model (Pearlin 1989) which posits that primary stressors, such as work overload or marital problems, create secondary stressors in the parenting sphere such…”
BackgroundInfluentialFear of Terrorism and Preparedness in New York City 2 Years After the Attacks
Boscarino, J. A., Adams, R. E., Figley, C. R., Galea, S., & Foa, E. B. (2006) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/00124784-200611000-00002 · Cited by 94
“Stress moderator variables—Stress moderator variables in our analyses included one social and one psychological resource variable from the year 2 survey, which could potentially reduce or moderate the effect of stressful events.(29,38) The social support scale used was a version of the measure utilized in the Medical…”
MethodGreenberg, J. S., Seltzer, M. M., Krauss, M. W., & Kim, H. (1997) · Family Relations · doi:10.2307/585098 · Cited by 94
“Research on the stress process (Ensel & Lin, 1991; Pearlin, 1989) has shown that coping and social support are two resources that influence the extent to which a stressful situation, such as lifelong caregiving responsibility, takes a toll on psychological well-being.”
BackgroundAdolescents under rocket fire: when are coping resources significant in reducing emotional distress?
Sagy, S., & Braun‐Lewensohn, O. (2009) · Global Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/1757975909348125 · Cited by 96
Victimization in Early Life and Mental Health in Adulthood
Hill, T. D., Kaplan, L. M., French, M. T., & Johnson, R. J. (2010) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146509361194 · Cited by 102
“The idea that psychosocial resources might mediate and moderate the effects of victimization in early life on mental health in adulthood is generally consistent with Pearlin’s stress process model (Pearlin et al. 1981; Pearlin 1989; Pearlin and Skaff 1996; Pearlin et al. 2005).”
BackgroundResultHousehold Debt and Adult Depressive Symptoms in the United States
Berger, L. M., Collins, J. M., & Cuesta, L. (2015) · Journal of Family and Economic Issues · doi:10.1007/s10834-015-9443-6 · Cited by 93
“Social Stress Theory (Pearlin 1989) and the Family Stress Model (Conger and Elder 1994; Conger et al.”
BackgroundThe psychological impact of intragenerational social class mobility
Houle, J. N. (2011) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.11.008 · Cited by 91
“Stressors and stressful life events rarely occur in isolation and failing to account for these experiences yields misleading associations between mobility and mental health, because it assumes that mobile and nonmobile individuals are equal in their exposure to other stressors8 (Pearlin, 1989).”
BackgroundInfluentialMacrolevel Stressors, Terrorism, and Mental Health Outcomes: Broadening the Stress Paradigm
Richman, J. A., Cloninger, L., & Rospenda, K. M. (2008) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.113118 · Cited by 94
Sociological Inquiry into Mental Health
Aneshensel, C. S. (2015) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146515583992 · Cited by 93
“The social patterning of these responses is characteristic of the type of sociological explanation that Pearlin (1989) advocated.”
BackgroundInfluentialRittenour, C. E., & Soliz, J. E. (2009) · Western Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/10570310802636334 · Cited by 102
“The task of primary caregiver is a tall one, which can create stress and feelings of negative burden for the adult children (Pearlin, 1989; Starrels, Ingersoll-Dayton, Dowler, & Neal, 1997) based on the financial and personal resources allocated to caregiving.”
BackgroundARE FIXED-TERM JOBS BAD FOR YOUR HEALTH?: A COMPARISON OF WEST-GERMANY AND SPAIN
Gash, V., Mertens, A., & Gordo, L. R. (2007) · European Societies · doi:10.1080/14616690701314150 · Cited by 93
“result of the decrease in their financial status ( Pearlin 1989, Whelan 1992).”
Black Lives Matter: A Call to Action for Counseling Psychology Leaders
Hargons, C. N., Mosley, D. V., Falconer, J., Faloughi, R., Singh, A. A., Stevens-Watkins, D. J., & Cokley, K. (2017) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000017733048 · Cited by 106
“Many stressful experiences occur within the context of systems of social stratification such as socioeconomic status, race, and gender; stressors are often related to a person’s place within that structure (Pearlin, 1989).”
BackgroundBosmans, K., Hardonk, S. C., Cuyper, N. D., & Vanroelen, C. (2015) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-152136 · Cited by 107
“Morespecifically copingresourcesmayaffectthechoiceand/orthe efficacyofthecopingstrategiesandstylesthatpeople useinresponsetostressors[45,46,50].”
Cervantes, R. C., Gattamorta, K. A., & Cardoso, J. B. (2018) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-018-0714-9 · Cited by 92
“The stress-illness paradigm offers one way to conceptualize the relationship between social stress and health [12, 25].”
BackgroundMethodNowotny, K. M., & Timmer, A. (2018) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12566 · Cited by 101
Zhang, X., & Monnat, S. M. (2021) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100997 · Cited by 92
“Stress process theory (Pearlin, 1989) would suggest that ACE exposure may compound or exacerbate the negative effects of everyday racialized stressors, leading to a stronger association with mental health for Black and Hispanic children than for White children.”
BackgroundDepressive symptoms and C-reactive protein: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Elovainio, M. J., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., Pulkki-Råbäck, L., Mika Kivimaki, B., Puttonen, S., Viikari, L. A., Räsänen, L., Mansikkaniemi, K., Viikari, J. S. A., & Raitakari, O. T. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706007574 · Cited by 92
“All of these have been shown to be associated with depressive symptoms or inflammation (Pearlin, 1989; Anda et al. 1990; Istvan et al. 1992; Kiecolt-Glaser et al. 2002b ; Miller et al. 2002).”
BackgroundKrug, G., & Eberl, A. (2018) · Research in Social Stratification and Mobility · doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2018.03.001 · Cited by 94
“Unemployment is considered a stressful life event (cf., Pearlin, 1989) that creates distress and leads to health problems.”
BackgroundThe Future of Social Determinants of Health: Looking Upstream to Structural Drivers
Brown, T. H., & Homan, P. (2023) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12641 · Cited by 103
Sagy, S. (1998) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x98029003003 · Cited by 91
Kort‐Butler, L. A. (2010) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.019 · Cited by 91
“The measure is consistent with research indicating the perception or belief that support is available, particularly emotional support, is more important for well-being than the actual receipt of support (Pearlin, 1989; Thoits, 1995; Turner & Lloyd, 1999).”
ResultStress burden, drug dependence and the nativity paradox among U.S. Hispanics
Turner, R. J., Lloyd, D. A., & Taylor, J. D. (2005) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.003 · Cited by 91
“Consistent with some prior arguments (Scribner, 1996; Vega and Rumbaut, 1991) Vega et al. (1998) note “Mexican immigrants share the lower risk status of their national origin, but acculturation has deleterious effects on many aspects of their health at the population level” (p.”
ResultBird, G. W., & Harris, R. (1990) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431690102003 · Cited by 91
Race/ethnic differentials in the health consequences of caring for grandchildren for grandparents
Chen, F., Mair, C. A., Bao, L., & Yang, Y. C. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu160 · Cited by 110
Urban Neighborhoods and Depressive Symptoms in Late Middle Age
Wight, R. G., Ko, M., & Aneshensel, C. S. (2010) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027510383048 · Cited by 90
Occupational variation in burnout among medical staff: Evidence for the stress of higher status
Grace, M. K., & VanHeuvelen, J. S. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.007 · Cited by 95
Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents Exposed to Personal and Vicarious Police Contact
Turney, K. (2020) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869320923095 · Cited by 83
“These findings are consistent with the stress process perspective, which posits that stressors, concentrated among vulnerable and disadvantaged groups, have deleterious consequences for health (Pearlin 1989; Pearlin et al. 1981).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGrzywacz, J. G., & Almeida, D. (2008) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/a0013368 · Cited by 97
“The first possibility is that lower-status individuals have less access to social resources for coping with stressors (Pearlin, 1989; Turner & Marino, 1994; Turner & Lloyd, 1999) and consequently turn to less adaptive forms of coping, such as heavy drinking, to handle the accumulation of daily…”
InfluentialSocial determinants of tuberculosis in Europe: a prospective ecological study
Ploubidis, G. B., Palmer, M. J., Blackmore, C. E., Lim, T.-A., Manissero, D., Sandgren, A., & Semenza, J. C. (2012) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00184011 · Cited by 90
Coping Styles and Sex Differences in Depressive Symptoms and Delinquent Behavior
Kort‐Butler, L. A. (2008) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9291-x · Cited by 90
“The current study draws on general strain theory (GST) (Agnew 1992), an approach to delinquent behavior which mirrors the stress paradigm (Pearlin 1989).”
BackgroundThe role of social support in mediating the psychological consequences of economic stress
Whelan, C. T. (1993) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.ep11343797 · Cited by 89
Feeling Poor: The Felt Experience Low-Income Lone Mothers
McIntyre, L., Officer, S., & Robinson, L. M. (2003) · Affilia · doi:10.1177/0886109903254581 · Cited by 89
“Pearlin (1989) pointed out that “all coping—regardless of the nature of the stressors—serves to change the situation from which the stressors arise, to manage the meaning of the situation in a manner that reduces its threat, or to keep the symptoms of stress within manageable bounds” (p. 250).”
BackgroundSexual Orientation and Substance Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Brewster, K. L., & Tillman, K. H. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300261 · Cited by 88
Smith, S. M., & Landor, A. M. (2018) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12260 · Cited by 98
Police Encounters as Stressors: Associations with Depression and Anxiety across Race
Alang, S. M., McAlpine, D., & McClain, M. (2021) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/2378023121998128 · Cited by 87
“A central premise of the stress process is that differential exposure to stressors is associated with variation in mental health outcomes (Pearlin 1989; Pearlin et al. 1981; Turner and Lloyd 1999).”
BackgroundAnticipation of migration and psychological stress and the Three Gorges Dam project, China
Hwang, S., Xi, J., Cao, Y., Feng, X., & Qiao, X. (2007) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.05.003 · Cited by 88
“Finally, we measured positive comparison to capture the effect of coping (Pearlin, 1989).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSurviving poverty: Stress and coping in the lives of housed and homeless mothers.
Banyard, V. L., & Graham‐Bermann, S. A. (1998) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0080357 · Cited by 94
“Stress has been examined more generally in terms of both life events and chronic strains (Pearlin, 1989; Peters & Massey, 1983; Wheaton, 1994), and has been defmed and measured in a variety of ways (Al&in, 1994; Hobfoll, 1989; Pearlin, 1989; Turner, wheaton, & Llayd 1995).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Pearlin, L. I.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pearlin, Leonard I.
- Venue
- Journal of Health and Social Behavior
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1989-09
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 241
- ISSN
- 0022-1465 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1976247888
- Cited by
- 3,263
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 117 · 2025: 161 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 142 · 2022: 146 · 2021: 156 · 2020: 147 · 2019: 134 · 2018: 106 · 2017: 167 · 2016: 111 · 2015: 126 · 2014: 138 · 2013: 114 · 2012: 133
- FWCI
- 36.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Health and Social Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Health and Well-being Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Keywords
- stress, stressors, stress mediators, coping, social support, social status, social affiliation, stress measurement, stress effects
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Life Change Events, Research, Social Support, Sociology, Medical, Stress, Psychological
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