Cited by 10,480Corporate Social Responsibility ReportingCorporate Social Responsibility and SustainabilityEnvironmental Sustainability in Business

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A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance

Carroll, Archie B.·1979·The Academy of Management Review

DOI 10.2307/257850

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Abstract

Offered here is a conceptual model that comprehensively describes essential aspects of corporate social performance. The three aspects of the model address major questions of concern to academics and managers alike: (1) What is included in corporate social responsibility? (2) What are the social issues the organization must address? and (3) What is the organization's philosophy or mode of social responsiveness?

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Authors: Carroll, A. B.
Affiliations: University of Georgia (US)
Corresponding author: Carroll, Archie B.
ORCID: Carroll, Archie B.
Venue: The Academy of Management Review
Publisher: Academy of Management
Published: 1979-10
Volume: 4
Issue: 4
Pages: 497
ISSN: 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2307/257850
OpenAlex: W2128614305
Cited by: 10,480
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 237 · 2025: 395 · 2024: 506 · 2023: 569 · 2022: 669 · 2021: 680 · 2020: 720 · 2019: 602 · 2018: 713 · 2017: 603 · 2016: 604 · 2015: 603 · 2014: 582 · 2013: 528 · 2012: 494
FWCI: 18.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Academy of Management Review (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Environmental Sustainability in Business
Keywords: corporate social performance, corporate social responsibility, social problems, social responsiveness, business philosophy, conceptual model, 3D model

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

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