The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Issues in Teachers' Reinterpretation of a Task-Based Innovation in Primary Schools
Abstract
Although task-based teaching is frequently practiced in contemporary English language teaching, it is underresearched in state school settings. This article contributes to filling this gap in the literature by using qualitative case study data to explore how a task-based innovation was implemented in three primary school classrooms in Hong Kong. Analysis of classroom observation and interview data shows how the case study teachers reinterpreted a new curriculum in line with their own beliefs and the practical challenges occurring in their school contexts. Drawing on classroom episodes, the article highlights three issues that proved problematic when the tasks were implemented: use of the mother tongue, classroom management or discipline problems, and the quantity of target language produced. Implications for the design and implementation of task-based pedagogies in primary school contexts are discussed.
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In the citing paper
“He found that the tasks used by primary school teachers in Hong Kong often ended up as 'language practice' rather than affording opportunities for genuine communication.”
From Position paper: Moving task-based language teaching forward (2017) · cites this paper as Carless (2004)
In the citing paper
“A particular problem noted by Carless (2004) is that teachers do not always have a clear idea of what a 'task' is.”
From Position paper: Moving task-based language teaching forward (2017) · cites this paper as Carless (2004)
In the citing paper
“A related issue is the problem of control and discipline (Butler, 2005; Littlewood, 2007); Carless (2004) argues that the noise produced during speaking activities can be problematic when the local preference is for quiet and orderly classrooms.”
From Challenges in Teaching English to Young Learners: Global Perspectives and Local Realities (2014) · cites this paper as Carless (2004)
In the citing paper
“These problems are now well documented (see, for example Carless, 2004) and cannot be easily overcome.”
From Focus on form: A critical review (2016) · cites this paper as Carless, 2004
Citations
Cites
Richardson, L. W. (2004) · AltaMira Press eBooks · doi:10.5040/9798216417880.ch-17 · Cited by 4,178
Task-based Language Learning and Teaching
Ellis, R. (2003) · Asian Journal of English Language Teaching · doi:10.65961/ajelt-2003-1-009 · Cited by 3,601
A Framework for Task-Based Learning
Yuan, F., & Willis, J. R. (1999) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3588204 · Cited by 1,970
Teaching languages to young learners
Cameron, L. (2001) · Cambridge University Press · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511733109 · Cited by 1,807
Second Language Teaching and Learning
Shi, L., & Nunan, D. (2000) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3587962 · Cited by 1,761
Allen, J. P., & Prabhu, N. S. (1988) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3587293 · Cited by 1,626
A Framework for the Implementation of Task-based Instruction
SKEHAN, P. (1996) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/17.1.38 · Cited by 1,547
Researching Pedagogic Tasks: Second Language Learning, Teaching, and Testing
Bygate, M., Skehan, P., & Swain, M. (2001) · Cited by 1,367
In Search of Subjectivity—One's Own
Peshkin, A. (1988) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x017007017 · Cited by 1,196
Doing and Writing Qualitative Research
Holliday, A. (2007) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446287958 · Cited by 1,145
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Task‐based language teaching: sorting out the misunderstandings
Ellis, R. (2009) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/j.1473-4192.2009.00231.x · Cited by 1,031
Communicative and task-based language teaching in East Asian classrooms
Littlewood, W. (2007) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444807004363 · Cited by 669
Global Englishes for Language Teaching
Rose, H., & Galloway, N. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316678343 · Cited by 569
Own-language use in language teaching and learning
Hall, G., & Cook, G. (2012) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444812000067 · Cited by 466
The Implementation of Communicative and Task-Based Language Teaching in the Asia-Pacific Region
Butler, Y. G. (2011) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s0267190511000122 · Cited by 456
Metadata
- Authors
- Carless, D.
- Affiliations
- Education University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Carless, David
- ORCID
- Carless, David
- Venue
- TESOL Quarterly
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 2004-12-01
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 639
- ISSN
- 0039-8322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2122852688
- Cited by
- 464
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 32.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- TESOL Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- Hong Kong Education Bibliographic Database (submittedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Second Language Learning and Teaching
- Social Sciences › Education › English Language Learning and Teaching
- Keywords
- task-based language teaching, teacher beliefs, curriculum implementation, state schools, Hong Kong, mother tongue use, classroom management, discipline problems
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