Special Report: Potential Strategies for Addressing GLP-1 and Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist Shortages
Open accessAbstract
Unexpected drug shortages of the long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists dulaglutide and semaglutide and the dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist tirzepatide emerged in late 2022 and have persisted through the first quarter of 2023 (1). The drug shortage has not affected product doses equally; some doses are more widely available than others (2). For the purposes of this article, we will consider the dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist tirzepatide to be included when referring to GLP-1 receptor agonist product shortages. These shortages predominately occurred because of an unexpected increase in demand for GLP-1 receptor agonists without adequate adjustment in production (3). The inadequate supply has created new access barriers for patients previously using or wishing to initiate these products for glycemic management, weight loss, and/or cardiovascular risk reduction. Thus, strategies to mitigate this disruption to patient care are needed.
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Shortages of GLP-1 receptor agonists may limit continued use.
“Finally, shortages of GLP-1 RAs may limit continued use.19”
From Discontinuation and Reinitiation of Dual-Labeled GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among US Adults With Overweight or Obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
Cost-related drug rationing is more common among those who are younger, female, lower income, uninsured, or have prevalent obesity or cardiovascular disease (CVD).
“Cost‐related drug rationing is more common among those who are younger, female, lower income, uninsured, or have prevalent obesity or cardiovascular disease (CVD) [281].”
From Nutritional priorities to support <scp>GLP</scp> ‐1 therapy for obesity: A joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [281]
The Extended Interval Dosing section discusses patients rationing GLP-1 medication because of shortages, while the introduction says high costs may lead patients to seek alternative ways to obtain it. Neither passage addresses cost-related rationing rates by age, sex, income, insurance status, obesity, or cardiovascular disease; searches for those demographic and cost-related terms found no supporting passage. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCost-related drug rationing is more common among those who are younger, female, lower income, uninsured, or have prevalent obesity or CVD.
“Cost-related drug rationing is more common among those who are younger, female, lower income, uninsured, or have prevalent obesity or CVD [275].”
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- Authors
- Whitley, H. P., Trujillo, J. M., & Neumiller, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Baptist Health System (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Washington State University Spokane (US)
- Corresponding author
- Trujillo, Jennifer M.
- Venue
- Clinical Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2023-04-07
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 467-473
- ISSN
- 0891-8929 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-4953
- PMC
- PMC10338283
- OpenAlex
- W4362703983
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 4
- FWCI
- 27.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2024-08-13)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- drug shortages, GLP-1 receptor agonists, dulaglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, supply and demand imbalance, glycemic control, weight loss, cardiovascular risk reduction, access to medicines, mitigation measures
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