Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 473

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Feasibility of Automating Insulin Delivery for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Open access
Steil, Garry M., Rebrin, Kerstin, Darwin, Christine, Hariri, Farzam, Saad, Mohammed F.·2006·Diabetes

Abstract

An automated closed-loop insulin delivery system based on subcutaneous glucose sensing and subcutaneous insulin delivery was evaluated in 10 subjects with type 1 diabetes (2 men, 8 women, mean [±SD] age 43.4 ± 11.4 years, duration of diabetes 18.2 ± 13.5 years). Closed-loop control was assessed over ∼30 h and compared with open-loop control assessed over 3 days. Closed-loop insulin delivery was calculated using a model of the β-cell’s multiphasic insulin response to glucose. Plasma glucose was 160 ± 66 mg/dl at the start of closed loop and was thereafter reduced to 71 ± 19 by 1:00 p.m. (preprandial lunch). Fasting glucose the subsequent morning on closed loop was not different from target (124 ± 25 vs. 120 mg/dl, respectively; P > 0.05). Mean glucose levels were not different between the open and closed loop (133 ± 63 vs. 133 ± 52 mg/dl, respectively; P > 0.65). However, glucose was within the range 70–180 mg/dl 75% of the time under closed loop versus 63% for open loop. Incidence of biochemical hypoglycemia (blood glucose <60 mg/dl) was similar under the two treatments. There were no episodes of severe hypoglycemia. The data provide proof of concept that glycemic control can be achieved by a completely automated external closed-loop insulin delivery system.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/db06-0419

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 24 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Calabrese G, Bueti A, Zega G, Giombolini A, Bellomo G, Antonella MA, Massi-Benedetti M, Brunetti P: Improvement of artificial endocrine pancreas (biostator; GCHS) performance combining feedback controlled insulin administration with a pre-programmed insulin infusion. Horm Metab Res 14:505–507,1982 · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1019062

Cited by

See all 473

Metadata

Authors
Steil, G. M., Rebrin, K., Darwin, C., Hariri, F., & Saad, M. F.
Venue
Diabetes
Published
2006-12-01
Volume
55
Issue
12
Pages
3344-3350
ISSN
  • 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-327X
OpenAlex
W2127456983
Cited by
473
References
24
FWCI
12.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Feasibility of Automating Insulin Delivery for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2337/db06-0419
The paper
Steil, G. M., Rebrin, K., Darwin, C., Hariri, F., & Saad, M. F. (2006). Feasibility of Automating Insulin Delivery for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. https://doi.org/10.2337/db06-0419

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.