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Visceral Fat Adipokine Secretion Is Associated With Systemic Inflammation in Obese Humans
Open accessAbstract
Although excess visceral fat is associated with noninfectious inflammation, it is not clear whether visceral fat is simply associated with or actually causes metabolic disease in humans. To evaluate the hypothesis that visceral fat promotes systemic inflammation by secreting inflammatory adipokines into the portal circulation that drains visceral fat, we determined adipokine arteriovenous concentration differences across visceral fat, by obtaining portal vein and radial artery blood samples, in 25 extremely obese subjects (mean ± SD BMI 54.7 ± 12.6 kg/m2) during gastric bypass surgery at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri. Mean plasma interleukin (IL)-6 concentration was ∼50% greater in the portal vein than in the radial artery in obese subjects (P = 0.007). Portal vein IL-6 concentration correlated directly with systemic C-reactive protein concentrations (r = 0.544, P = 0.005). Mean plasma leptin concentration was ∼20% lower in the portal vein than in the radial artery in obese subjects (P = 0.0002). Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α, resistin, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, and adiponectin concentrations were similar in the portal vein and radial artery in obese subjects. These data suggest that visceral fat is an important site for IL-6 secretion and provide a potential mechanistic link between visceral fat and systemic inflammation in people with abdominal obesity.
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In the citing paper
“Excessive adiposity can be associated with an inflammatory response within the AT, including the release of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α, which in turn can adversely affect the SM directly and be associated with a diminished SM mass and strength [43,75].”
From Optimised Skeletal Muscle Mass as a Key Strategy for Obesity Management (2025) · cites this paper as [75]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“In addition, in vivo secretion rates of most adipokines from VAT are probably not greater than the secretion rates from s.c.adipose tissue (22).”
From Intrahepatic fat, not visceral fat, is linked with metabolic complications of obesity (2009) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“reduced adiponectin concentrations are associated with increased inflammation and risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.”
From The Vasculature in Prediabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [88]
In the citing paper
“Adipose tissue also influences systemic endothelial function through secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, and resistin.”
From The Vasculature in Prediabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [88]
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The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes
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C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Self-citationLocal and systemic insulin resistance resulting from hepatic activation of IKK-β and NF-κB
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Obesity and inflammation: the linking mechanism and the complications
Ellulu, M. S., Patimah, I., Khaza’ai, H., Rahmat, A., & Abed, Y. (2017) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms.2016.58928 · Cited by 1,982
Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases
Hajer, G. R., van Haeften, T. W., & Visseren, F. L. J. (2008) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn387 · Cited by 1,410
Sarcopenic obesity: definition, cause and consequences
Stenholm, S., Harris, T. B., Rantanen, T., Visser, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., & Ferrucci, L. (2008) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e328312c37d · Cited by 1,070
Adipose-tissue plasticity in health and disease
Sakers, A. P., Siqueira, M. K. D., Seale, P., & Villanueva, C. J. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.016 · Cited by 1,124
Adipokine dysregulation, adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic syndrome
Maury, E., & Brichard, S. M. (2010) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009.07.031 · Cited by 1,026
Metadata
- Authors
- Fontana, L., Eagon, J. C., Trujillo, M. E., Scherer, P. E., & Klein, S.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2007-04-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1010-1013
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2119519672
- Cited by
- 1,417
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 78 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 81
- FWCI
- 41.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DK20579, RR‐00036, DK56341)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK37948, DK20579, DK56341, R01DK037948, P30DK056341)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR.00036)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- visceral fat, adipokines, systemic inflammation, obesity, interleukin-6, leptin, portal vein, C-reactive protein, gastric bypass, resistin, adiponectin, TNF-α, MCP-1, abdominal obesity
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Viscera, Gastric Bypass, Interleukin-6, Peptide Hormones, Body Size, Adiponectin
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