Cited by 148Physical Activity and HealthObesity, Physical Activity, DietRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

The role of free-living daily walking in human weight gain and obesity

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Levine, James A., McCrady, Shelly K., Lanningham-Foster, Lorraine M., Kane, Paul H., Foster, Randal C., Manohar, Chinmay U.·2008·Diabetes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—Diminished daily physical activity explains, in part, why obesity and diabetes have become worldwide epidemics. In particular, chair use has replaced ambulation, so that obese individuals tend to sit for ∼2.5 h/day more than lean counterparts. Here, we address the hypotheses that free-living daily walking distance is decreased in obesity compared with lean subjects and that experimental weight gain precipitates decreased daily walking. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—During weight-maintenance feeding, we measured free-living walking using a validated system that captures locomotion and body movement for 10 days in 22 healthy lean and obese sedentary individuals. These measurements were then repeated after the lean and obese subjects were overfed by 1,000 kcal/day for 8 weeks. RESULTS—We found that free-living walking comprises many (∼47) short-duration (<15 min), low-velocity (∼1 mph) walking bouts. Lean subjects walked 3.5 miles/day more than obese subjects (n = 10, 10.3 ± 2.5 vs. n = 12, 6.7 ± 1.8 miles/day; P = 0.0009). With overfeeding, walking distance decreased by 1.5 miles/day compared with baseline values (−1.5 ± 1.7 miles/day; P = 0.0005). The decrease in walking that accompanied overfeeding occurred to a similar degree in the lean (−1.4 ± 1.9 miles/day; P = 0.04) and obese (−1.6 ± 1.7 miles/day; P = 0.008) subjects. CONCLUSIONS—Walking is decreased in obesity and declines with weight gain. This may represent a continuum whereby progressive increases in weight are associated with progressive decreases in walking distance. By identifying walking as pivotal in weight gain and obesity, we hope to add credence to an argument for an ambulatory future.

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  • Nonexercise activity thermogenesis can create a large daily caloric deficit to prevent excessive weight gain.

    “Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (i.e., energy expending for activities of daily living) can create a large daily caloric deficit to prevent excessive weight gain”

    From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [169]

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Authors
Levine, J. A., McCrady, S. K., Lanningham-Foster, L. M., Kane, P. H., Foster, R. C., & Manohar, C. U.
Affiliations
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • From the Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Venue
Diabetes
Published
2008-03-01
Volume
57
Issue
3
Pages
548-554
ISSN
  • 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-327X
OpenAlex
W2132768825
Cited by
148
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 19
FWCI
6.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Diabetes (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
  • Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
  • National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
obesity, weight gain, physical activity, overfeeding, sedentary behavior, walking distance, walking bouts, ambulation
MeSH terms
Adult, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Weight Gain, Walking

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