Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes: American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association Joint Position Statement
Abstract
Although physical activity (PA) is a key element in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), many with this chronic disease do not become or remain regularly active. High-quality studies establishing the importance of exercise and fitness in diabetes were lacking until recently, but it is now well established that participation in regular PA improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay T2DM, along with positively affecting lipids, blood pressure, cardiovascular events, mortality, and quality of life. Structured interventions combining PA and modest weight loss have been shown to lower T2DM risk by up to 58% in high-risk populations. Most benefits of PA on diabetes management are realized through acute and chronic improvements in insulin action, accomplished with both aerobic and resistance training. The benefits of physical training are discussed, along with recommendations for varying activities, PA-associated blood glucose management, diabetes prevention, gestational diabetes, and safe and effective practices for PA with diabetes-related complications.
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Physical activity improves blood sugar control through decreased inflammation, activation of insulin-independent glucose pathways, and reduced sympathetic response.
“PA is effective in treatment of diabetes and is believed to improve blood sugar control by 1) decreasing inflammation to improve insulin sensitivity, 2) activating insulinindependent glucose pathways, and 3) reducing sympathetic response”
From The Impact of Physical Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
Light physical activity forms improve balance and gait, minimizing fall risk.
“These forms of light PA are useful also for their improvements in balance and gait, minimizing fall risk.”
From The Impact of Physical Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
Increased sedentary behavior may be a risk factor for various health outcomes independent of physical activity.
“Increased sedentary behavior, defined as “any waking behavior with an energy expenditure of 1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) or less in a sitting or reclining posture” may be a risk factor for various health outcomes independent of physical activity588–590).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [590]
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Garvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., Brett, E. M., Garber, A. J., Hurley, D. L., Jastreboff, A. M., Nadolsky, K., Pessah-Pollack, R., & Plodkowski, R. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161365.gl · Cited by 1,914 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Colberg, S. R., Albright, A. L., Blissmer, B. J., Braun, B., Chasan‐Taber, L., Fernhall, B., Regensteiner, J. G., Rubin, R. R., & Sigal, R. J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2282-2303
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2419454807
- Cited by
- 567
- References
- 271
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 22.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, physical activity, diabetes prevention, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, aerobic exercise, resistance training, weight loss, gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetes complications, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Sports Medicine, Exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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