Glycemic Effects of Moderate Alcohol Intake Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
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OBJECTIVE—In a randomized controlled trial, we assessed the effect of daily moderate alcohol intake on glycemic control in the fasting and postprandial states in patients with type 2 diabetes who previously had abstained from alcohol. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We randomly assigned 109 patients (41–74 years old) with established type 2 diabetes who abstained from alcohol to receive 150 ml wine (13 g alcohol) or nonalcoholic diet beer (control) each day during a 3-month multicenter trial. The beverages were consumed during dinner. Diet and alcohol consumption were monitored. RESULTS—During the intervention, 17% of participants (12% from the alcohol group) dropped out, leaving 91 who completed the trial. Within the alcohol group, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) decreased from 139.6 ± 41 to 118.0 ± 32.5 mg/dl after 3 months compared with 136.7 ± 15.4 to 138.6 ± 27.8 mg/dl in the control subjects (Pv = 0.015). However, alcohol consumption had no effect on 2-h postprandial glucose levels (difference of 18.5 mg/dl in the control group vs. 17.7 mg/dl in the alcohol group, Pv = 0.97). Patients in the alcohol group with higher baseline A1C levels had greater reductions in FPG (age-adjusted correlation −0.57, Pv < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in the levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, or aspartate aminotransferase, and no notable adverse effects were reported. Participants in the alcohol group reported an improvement in the ability to fall asleep (Pv < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS—Among patients with type 2 diabetes who had previously abstained from alcohol, initiation of moderate daily alcohol consumption reduced FPG but not postprandial glucose. Patients with higher A1C may benefit more from the favorable glycemic effect of alcohol. Further intervention studies are needed to confirm the long-term effect of moderate alcohol intake.
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Moderate alcohol consumption has minimal acute and/or long-term detrimental effects on glycemia in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, with some epidemiologic data showing improved glycemia and improved insulin sensitivity with moderate intake.
“Moderate alcohol consumption has minimal acute and/or long-term detrimental effects on glycemia in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (218 -221), with some epidemiologic data showing improved glycemia and improved insulin sensitivity with moderateintake.”
From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [219]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredModerate alcohol consumption has minimal acute and/or long-term detrimental effects on glycemia in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, with some epidemiologic data showing improved glycemia and improved insulin sensitivity with moderate intake.
“Moderate alcohol consumption has minimal acute and/or long-term detrimental effects on glycemia in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (218 -221), with some epidemiologic data showing improved glycemia and improved insulin sensitivity with moderateintake.”
From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [218]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCompared with nondrinkers, individuals who drink alcohol moderately (up to about 2 drinks/d for men and 1 drink/d for women) experience a lower incidence of CHD and DM.
“Consistent with these effects, compared with nondrinkers, individuals who drink alcohol moderately (up to ~2 drinks/d for men and ~1 drink/d for women) experience a lower incidence of CHD and DM.61,103”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [103]
Evidence from RCTs of risk factors and prospective cohort studies of clinical endpoints is most consistent with direct effects of alcohol itself rather than nonalcohol components such as resveratrol.
“Experimental studies suggest that some nonalcohol components, such as resveratrol in wine, could have potential benefits, but evidence from both RCTs of risk factors and prospective cohort studies of clinical end points are most consistent with direct effects of alcohol itself.100–102,105”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [101]
In controlled trials and in the absence of weight gain, modest alcohol use raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduces systemic inflammation, and improves insulin resistance.
“Conversely, in controlled trials and in the absence of weight gain, modest alcohol use raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduces systemic inflammation, and improves insulin resistance.100–102”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [101]
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- Authors
- Shai, I., Wainstein, J., Harman-Boehm, I., Raz, I., Fraser, D., Rudich, A., & Stampfer, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Wolfson Medical Center (IL)
- Department of Internal Medicine C and the Diabetes Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Hadassah Medical Center (IL)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2007-12-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3011-3016
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2147795343
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Hadassah Medical Organization
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, moderate drinking, wine, glycemic control, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, alcohol initiation, sleep quality, liver enzymes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Alanine Transaminase, Alcohol Drinking, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Postprandial Period
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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