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Cited by 671Alcohol Consumption and Health EffectsNutritional Studies and DietDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Moderate Alcohol Consumption Lowers the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

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Koppes, Lando L.J., Dekker, Jacqueline M., Hendriks, Henk F.J., Bouter, Lex M., Heine, Robert J.·2005·Diabetes Care
DOI 10.2337/diacare.28.3.719
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE—This meta-analysis was undertaken to obtain insight regarding the shape and strength of the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes, the effects of adjustment for confounders, and the effect of modification by type 2 diabetes definition, sex, and BMI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The 15 original prospective cohort studies that were included comprise 11,959 incident cases of type 2 diabetes in 369,862 individuals who, on average, were followed for 12 years. RESULTS—After pooling the data, a U-shaped relationship was found. Compared with nonconsumers, the relative risk (RR) for type 2 diabetes in those who consumed ≤6 g/day alcohol was 0.87 (95% CI 0.79–0.95). For the moderate consumption ranges of 6–12, 12–24, and 24–48 g/day, RRs of 0.70 (0.61–0.79), 0.69 (0.58–0.81), and 0.72 (0.62–0.84) were found, respectively. The risk of type 2 diabetes in heavy drinkers (≥48 g/day) was equal to that in nonconsumers (1.04 [0.84–1.29]). In general, nonsignificant trends for larger RR reduction associated with moderate alcohol consumption were observed for women compared with men, for crude compared with multivariate-adjusted analyses, and for studies that used self-reports instead of testing for type 2 diabetes definition. No differences in RR reductions were found between individuals with low or high BMI. CONCLUSIONS—The present evidence from observational studies suggests an ∼30% reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in moderate alcohol consumers, whereas no risk reduction is observed in consumers of ≥48 g/day.

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  • Alcohol is suggested to lower levels of inflammation markers and endothelial dysfunction, increase insulin sensitivity, and increase HDL cholesterol concentrations, which may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and possibly GDM.

    “Alcohol is suggested to lower levels of inflammation markers and endothelial dysfunction, increase insulin sensitivity, increase HDL cholesterol concentrations, which, for example, may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and possibly also GDM [47–49].”

    From Associations between periconceptional lifestyle behaviours and adverse pregnancy outcomes (2021) · cites this paper as [47]

    The discussion (p. 6) identifies increased HDL cholesterol, anti-inflammatory effects, and enhanced insulin sensitivity as plausible mechanisms; the conclusions (p. 2) report a lower type 2 diabetes risk with moderate alcohol consumption. The paper does not address endothelial dysfunction or gestational diabetes (GDM), so it does not support those parts of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • There seems to be a beneficial effect of alcohol use on diabetes mellitus type 2 incidence.

    “There seems to be a beneficial effect of alcohol use on diabetes mellitus type 2 incidence 188, as evidenced in meta‐analyses and in systematic reviews 189, 190, 191, 192, 193.”

    From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [189]

  • A meta-analysis of 370,000 individuals with 12 years of follow-up showed a U-shaped relationship, with a 30-40% reduced risk of diabetes among those consuming 1-2 drinks/day compared with heavy drinkers or abstainers.

    “A meta-analysis of 370,000 individuals with 12 years of follow-up showed a U-shaped relationship, with a 30–40% reduced risk of the disease among those consuming 1–2 drinks/day compared with heavy drinkers or abstainers (37).”

    From Globalization of Diabetes (2011) · cites this paper as [37]

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Authors
Koppes, L. L. J., Dekker, J. M., Hendriks, H. F. J., Bouter, L. M., & Heine, R. J.
Affiliations
  • Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
  • Department of Nutritional Physiology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, the Netherlands
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes Care
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2005-03-01
Volume
28
Issue
3
Pages
719-725
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/diacare.28.3.719
OpenAlex
W2147717040
Cited by
671
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 57
FWCI
3.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Ministry of Education, India
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
moderate drinking, type 2 diabetes, diabetes risk, U-shaped dose-response relationship, heavy drinking, sex differences, body mass index, confounding adjustment
MeSH terms
Alcohol Drinking, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Prevalence

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