Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Is Elevated in Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes and Correlates With Muscle and Hepatic Insulin Resistance

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Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Regulated by PPARα and Is a Key Mediator of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Ketotic States

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Serum FGF21 levels are increased in obesity and are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in humans

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Serum FGF21 and RBP4 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C

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Effects of Exercise Intervention on Mitochondrial Stress Biomarkers in Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Dietary induction of obesity and insulin resistance is associated with changes in Fgf21 DNA methylation in liver of mice

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Exenatide treatment decreases fasting fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Berberine-induced activation of AMPK increases hepatic FGF21 expression via NUR77

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Circulating Adipokines and Associations With Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Young Healthy Females Display Day and Night Variations and Are Increased in Response to Short-Term Energy Deprivation Through a Leptin-Independent Pathway

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Increased Serum Level of FGF21 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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Comparison of Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Liraglutide and Semaglutide in Male C57BL/6J Mice

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Current understanding and controversies on the clinical implications of fibroblast growth factor 21

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Free Fatty Acids Impair FGF21 Action in HepG2 Cells

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Fascinating Perspective on the Regulation of Muscle Metabolism

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Basal and postprandial change in serum fibroblast growth factor-21 concentration in type 1 diabetic mellitus and in healthy controls

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bZIP transmembrane transcription factor CREBH: Potential role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Review)

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Serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 are elevated in patients with congenital or acquired lipodystrophy

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 predicts outcome in community-acquired pneumonia: secondary analysis of two randomised controlled trials

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Mechanisms underlying the metabolic beneficial effect of curcumin intervention: Beyond anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress

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Effect of Metformin on Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes

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Levothyroxine treatment restored the decreased circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in patients with hypothyroidism

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Increased fructose consumption has sex‐specific effects on fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in humans

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Determining the Role of SGLT2 Inhibition with Dapagliflozin in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy

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Adipocytokines, gut hormones and growth factors in anorexia nervosa

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Association of serum betatrophin with fibroblast growth factor-21 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

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Risk of Kidney Dysfunction IN Nafld

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 in dairy cows: current knowledge and potential relevance

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Oral administration of a new HRI activator as a new strategy to improve high‐fat‐diet‐induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and hypertriglyceridaemia through FGF21

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Whey protein isolate inhibits hepatic FGF21 production, which precedes weight gain, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in mice fed a high-fat diet

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FGF21 and its underlying adipose tissue-liver axis inform cardiometabolic burden and improvement in obesity after metabolic surgery

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The effect of soy isoflavones on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the level of fibroblast growth factor-21 and fetuin A

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The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs499765 Is Associated with Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Population with Normal Glucose Tolerance

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Independent Association of Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels With Impaired Liver Enzymes in Hyperthyroid Patients

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The Effect of FGF21 and Its Genetic Variants on Food and Drug Cravings, Adipokines and Metabolic Traits

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Integration of FGF21 Signaling and Metabolomics in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

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Potential role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the deterioration of bone quality in impaired glucose tolerance

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Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 is Associated with Subsequent Renal Injury Events in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

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Glucagon augments the secretion of FGF21 and GDF15 in MASLD by indirect mechanisms

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FGF-21 ameliorates essential hypertension of SHR via baroreflex afferent function

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Maternal Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Decrease during Early Pregnancy in Normotensive Pregnant Women but Are Higher in Preeclamptic Women—A Longitudinal Study

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Successful Glycemic Control Decreases the Elevated Serum FGF21 Level without Affecting Normal Serum GDF15 Levels in a Patient with Mitochondrial Diabetes

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Associations between FGF21, osteonectin and bone turnover markers in type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria

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24-h severe energy restriction impairs postprandial glycaemic control in young, lean males

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A Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Impact of Resistance Training versus Aerobic Training on the Management of FGF-21 and Related Physiological Variables in Obese Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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The Level of FGF 21 as a New Risk Factor for the Occurrence of Cardiometabolic Disorders amongst the Psoriatic Patients

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Habitually inactive physically – a proposed procedure of counteracting cognitive decline in women with diminished insulin sensitivity through a high-intensity circuit training program

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Hepatokines: the missing link in the development of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in PCOS?

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Cholesterol Metabolism Altered and FGF21 Levels High After Pediatric Liver Transplantation Despite Normal Serum Lipids

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Relationship of fibroblast growth factor 21 with kidney function and albuminuria: multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis

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Ileal Transposition Surgery Decreases Fat Mass and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Diabetic GK Rats: Possible Involvement of FGF21

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Attenuation of FGF21 signalling might aggravate the impairment of glucose homeostasis during the high sucrose diet induced transition from prediabetes to diabetes in WNIN/GR-Ob rats

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Acute sleep loss alters circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in humans: A randomised crossover trial

Brandão, L. E. M., Espes, D., Westholm, J. O., Martikainen, T., Westerlund, N., Lampola, L., Popa, A., Vogel, H., Schürmann, A., Dickson, S. L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13472 · Cited by 13

Fibroblast growth factor 21, adiposity, and macronutrient balance in a healthy, pregnant population with overweight and obesity

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 and fructose dynamics in humans

Migdal, A. L., Comte, S., Rodgers, M., Heineman, B. D., Maratos–Flier, E., Herman, M. A., & Dushay, J. R. (2018) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.295 · Cited by 12

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Mediates the Associations between Exercise, Aging, and Glucose Regulation

Lee, S. Y., Burns, S. F., NG, K. K. C., Stensel, D. J., Zhong, L., Tan, F. H. Y., Chia, K. L., Fam, K. D., Yap, M. M. C., Yeo, K. P., et al. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002150 · Cited by 13

A Comprehensive Review of Novel Drug–Disease Models in Diabetes Drug Development

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The effects of extracellular vesicles and their cargo on metabolism and its adaptation to physical exercise in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Mastrototaro, L., & Roden, M. (2023) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.202300078 · Cited by 13

Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects the liver from apoptosis in a type 1 diabetes mouse model via regulating L-lactate homeostasis

Yan, J., Xie, J., Xu, S., Guo, Y., Ji, K., Li, C., Gao, H., & Zhao, L. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115737 · Cited by 13

LPS infusion suppresses serum FGF21 levels in healthy adult volunteers

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Hypoglycaemic effect of catalpol in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced prediabetes

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Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 and Risk of Metachronous Colorectal Adenoma

Florea, A., Harris, R. B., Klimentidis, Y. C., Kohler, L. N., Jurutka, P. W., & Jacobs, E. T. (2020) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12029-020-00515-8 · Cited by 11

Effect of Denosumab on Glucose Homeostasis in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer Treated with Aromatase Inhibitors: A Pilot Study

Rossini, A., Frigerio, S., Dozio, E., Trevisan, R., Perseghin, G., & Corbetta, S. (2020) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2020/1809150 · Cited by 12

The Role of Organokines in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes and Their Functions as Molecular Transducers of Nutrition and Exercise

Lim, J. Y., & Kim, E. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13090979 · Cited by 13

KLOTHO, FGF21 AND FGF23: NOVEL PATHWAYS TO MUSCULOSKELETAL HEALTH?

Bartali, B., Semba, R. D., & de Araújo, A. B. (2013) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2013.26 · Cited by 12

Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 level is increased in pre‐eclampsia patients: Association with blood pressure and lipid profile

Jiang, L., Zhou, Y., & Huang, Q. (2020) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.14534 · Cited by 12

Prognostic value of plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 among patients with acute ischemic stroke

Zheng, X., Zhu, Z., Guo, D., Zhong, C., Xu, T., Peng, Y., Wang, A., Peng, H. Y., Ju, Z., Geng, D., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.14683 · Cited by 12

Identification of potential lncRNAs and co-expressed mRNAs in gestational diabetes mellitus by RNA sequencing

Li, T., Hu, D., & Gong, Y. (2021) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1875432 · Cited by 13

A novel function for fibroblast growth factor 21: stimulation of NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation

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Hepato-cardiac interorgan communication controls cardiac hypertrophy via combined endocrine-autocrine FGF21 signaling

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 may be a strong biomarker for renal outcomes: a meta-analysis

Guo, Y. G., Li, L., & Hu, S. (2023) · Renal Failure · doi:10.1080/0886022x.2023.2179336 · Cited by 11

FGF21: A Sharp Weapon in the Process of Exercise to Improve NAFLD

Wang, Z., Sun, T., Yu, J., Li, S., Gong, L., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/j.fbl2812351 · Cited by 12

The endocrine FGFs axis: A systemic anti-fibrotic response that could prevent pulmonary fibrogenesis?

Ghanem, M., Archer, G., Crestani, B., & Mailleux, A. (2024) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108669 · Cited by 12

Contribution of organokines in the development of NAFLD/NASH associated hepatocellular carcinoma

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Effects of omega-3 fatty acids and pioglitazone combination on insulin resistance through fibroblast growth factor 21 in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Mice lacking have reduced signs of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Myokine Responses to Exercise in a Rat Model of Low/High Adaptive Potential

Farrash, W. F., Phillips, B. E., Britton, S. L., Qi, N., Koch, L. G., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.645881 · Cited by 11

Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 in patients with liver cirrhosis

Krautbauer, S., Rein‐Fischboeck, L., Haberl, E. M., Pohl, R., Wiest, R., & Buechler, C. (2017) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10238-017-0468-z · Cited by 11

FGF21 contributes to metabolic improvements elicited by combination therapy with exenatide and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes

Samms, R. J., Cheng, C., Fourcaudot, M. J., Heikkinen, S., Khattab, A., Adams, J. M., Cersósimo, E., Triplitt, C. L., PUCKETT, C. L., Tsintzas, K., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00050.2022 · Cited by 10

Hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Read‐out or reason?

Trebicka, J., & Schierwagen, R. (2016) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28482 · Cited by 10

Mitiglinide treatment may decreases plasma fibroblast growth factor-21 levels in individuals with new-onset T2DM

Wang, B., Yang, G., Yang, M., Liao, Y., Li, Z., Boden, G. H., & Li, L. (2011) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2011.11.002 · Cited by 10

Maternal overweight and obesity modify the association of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels with gestational diabetes mellitus: A nested case‐control study

Wu, P., Wu, L., Wang, Y., Ye, Y., Yang, X., Yuan, J., Xu, J., Wang, Y., Song, X., Yan, S., et al. (2023) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3717 · Cited by 9

Decrypting the Possible Mechanistic Role of Fenofibrate in Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: The Truth and Mystery

Alsaleem, M. A., Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Al-Gareeb, A. I., Abdel‐Fattah, M. M., Alrouji, M., Al‐Harchan, N. A., Alruwaili, M., Papadakis, M., Alexiou, A. T., & Batiha, G. E. (2025) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.70378 · Cited by 9

The associations of adipokines with hypertension in youth with cardiometabolic risk and the mediation role of insulin resistance: The BCAMS study

Li, B., Hou, C., Li, L., Li, M., & Gao, S. (2023) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-023-01243-9 · Cited by 9

The Diagnostic Role of FGF 21 in Endometrial Cancer and Other Pathologies of the Uterine Corpus

Jagodzińska, A., Chudecka-Glaz, A. M., Michalczyk, K., Pius‐Sadowska, E., Wieder-Huszla, S., Jurczak, A., & Machaliński, B. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13030399 · Cited by 9

Fibroblast growth factor 21 decreases after liver fat reduction via growth hormone augmentation

Braun, L. R., Feldpausch, M. N., Czerwonka, N., Torriani, M., Grinspoon, S. K., & Stanley, T. L. (2017) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2017.10.002 · Cited by 9

FGF21-protection against fructose-induced lipid accretion and oxidative stress is influenced by maternal nutrition in male progeny

Fauste, E., Rodrigo, S., Rodríguez, L., Donis, C., Garcı́a, A., Barbas, C., Álvarez‐Millán, J. J., Panadero, M. I., Otero, P., & Bocos, C. (2019) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2019.103676 · Cited by 9

Effects of a Circuit Training Program on Myokine Levels in Insulin‐Resistant Women: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Karolkiewicz, J., Krzywicka, M., Szulińska, M., Musialik, K., Musiałowska, D., Zieliński, J., Bilska, A., & Ratajczak, M. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/jdr/6624919 · Cited by 8

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Elevated in HIV and Associated With Interleukin-6

Eckard, A. R., Hughes, H., Hagood, N. L., O’Riordan, M. A., Labbato, D. E., Kosco, J. C., Scott, S., & McComsey, G. A. (2020) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000002285 · Cited by 8

Serum Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Type 2 Diabetic Patient

Panahi, Y. (2016) · Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest) · doi:10.4183/aeb.2016.257 · Cited by 8

Impact of sex on the adaptation of adult mice to long consumption of sweet-fat diet

Бажан, Н. М., Iakovleva, T., Dubinina, A., & En, M. (2020) · Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding · doi:10.18699/vj20.682 · Cited by 8

Adiposity Is a Key Correlate of Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels in African Males with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Mashili, F. L., Ramaiya, K. L., Lutale, J. K., Njelekela, M. A., Francis, F. T., Zierath, J. R., & Krook, A. (2018) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2018/7461903 · Cited by 8

Adipose immune microenvironment: catalyst of age-related adipose tissue dysfunction

Song, Y., Xing, H., Luo, Y., Li, B., Li, Y., & Dong, Z. (2025) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-025-00545-5 · Cited by 8

The Regulation of Circulating Hepatokines by Fructose Ingestion in Humans

Richter, M. M., & Plomgaard, P. (2021) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvab121 · Cited by 7

Patterns of Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Subjects with and without Type 2 Diabetes

Lu, J., Yu, H., Mo, Y., Ma, X., Hao, Y., Lu, W., Li, H., Bao, Y., Zhou, J., & Jia, W. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142207 · Cited by 7

Association of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels with skeletal muscle mass and mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients

Chiu, L.-T., Wang, C., Lin, Y., & Hsu, B. (2022) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2022.05.007 · Cited by 7

α1-Adrenergic receptor downregulates hepatic FGF21 production and circulating FGF21 levels in mice

Nonogaki, K., & Kaji, T. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.008 · Cited by 7

Sex-specific association between fibroblast growth factor 21 and type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study in Singapore Chinese men and women

Wang, Y., Koh, W., Yuan, J., & Pan, A. (2017) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0216-0 · Cited by 7

Red raspberry (poly)phenolic extract improves diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in obese mice

Song, H., Shen, X., Chu, Q., & Zheng, X. (2021) · Journal of Berry Research · doi:10.3233/jbr-200696 · Cited by 7

Evidence for protein leverage on total energy intake, but not body mass index, in a large cohort of older adults

Honfo, S. H., Senior, A. M., Legault, V., Presse, N., Turcot, V., Gaudreau, P., Simpson, S. J., Raubenheimer, D., & Cohen, A. A. (2023) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-023-01455-6 · Cited by 6

Fibroblast growth factor 21 is an independent predictor of prevalent and incident obstructive sleep apnea

Huang, W., Zhang, J., Zou, J., Wang, X., Xu, H., Guan, J., Yi, H., Liu, S., & Yin, S. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.105985 · Cited by 7

Metabolically healthy obesity in adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia

Lecoq, A.-L., Schilbach, K., Rocher, L., Trabado, S., Briot, K., Herrou, J., Forbes, A., Garnier, A., Piketty, M., Bidlingmaier, M., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvae089 · Cited by 6

Induction of fibroblast growth factor 21 does not require activation of the hepatic X-box binding protein 1 in mice

Olivares, S., & Henkel, A. S. (2017) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2017.09.006 · Cited by 6

Circulating FGF-21 Levels in Normal Subjects and in Newly Diagnose Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Chen, W.-W., Li, L., Yang, G.-Y., Li, K., Qi, X.-Y., Zhu, W., Tang, Y., Liu, H., & Boden, G. (2007) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-2007-985148 · Cited by 186

Association between plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 and related factors levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patient

Sun, X., Fan, H. J., Zhang, H., & Xu, Y. (2014) · Chin J Diabetes Mellitus · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-5809.2014.10.006

MON-LB116 FGF-21 Is A Reliable Marker Of Insulin Resistance Before The Occurrence Of Glucose Intolerance

Sawah, A., Seyoum, B., & Msallaty, Z. (2020) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.2119

Elevated Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Lean Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence of Metabolic Dysregulation in the Absence of Adiposity

Nafea, S., Siddique, N., Abdulqadir, S., Noe, H. M., Reji, N., Ejaz, R., & Abubaker, I. M. I. (2026) · Kansas Journal of Medicine · doi:10.17161/kjm.vol19.25552

Change and Clinical Significance of Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Jiang, F. (2009) · Suzhou Daxue xuebao. Yixue ban