Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2007.s5

Cited by 2,689Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes and associated disordersDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

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The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus·2003·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/diacare.26.2007.s5

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In 2003, the ADA adopted the new IFG range of 100-125 mg/dL (5.6-6.9 mmol/L) to better define IFG so that the population risk of developing diabetes with IFG would be similar to that with IGT.
“However , in 2003 the ADA adopted the new range of 100 -125 mg/dL (5.6 -6.9 mmol/L) to better de fi ne IFG so that the population risk of developing diabetes with IFG would be similar to that with IGT (11).”
From 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024 (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
In “The new criteria” (p. 8), the committee defines IFG as fasting plasma glucose of 110 to <126 mg/dL, not 100–125 mg/dL. The paper describes both IFG and IGT as risk factors for future diabetes, but it does not say the lower IFG threshold was adopted to make their population risks similar. (LLM, conf=0.91)
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Gestational diabetes: predictors of subsequent disordered glucose metabolism.
Coustan, D. R., Carpenter, M. W., O'Sullivan, P. S., & Carr, S. R. (1993) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(93)90358-p · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Glucose Intolerance in Cystic Fibrosis
Handwerger, S., Roth, J., Görden, P., di Sant’Agnese, P., Carpenter, D. F., & Peter, G. (1969) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196908282810901 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Evidence for distinctive and intrinsic defects in insulin action in polycystic ovary syndrome
Dunaif, A. E., Segal, K. R., Shelley, D. R., et al. (1992) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.41.10.1257 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Insulin-Sensitive and Insulin-Resistant Variants in NIDDM
Banerji, M. A., & Lebovitz, H. E. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.6.784 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Prevalence of Complications Among Second-Generation Japanese-American Men With Diabetes, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, or Normal Glucose Tolerance
Fujimoto, W. Y., Leonetti, D. L., Kinyoun, J. L., Shuman, W. P., Stolov, W. C., & WAHL, P. W. (1987) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.36.6.730 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Effects of Tolazamide and Exogenous Insulin on Insulin Action in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Firth, R. G., Bell, P. M., & Rizza, R. A. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198605153142003 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Insulin secretion and action in patients with pancreatic cancer
Cersósimo, E., Pisters, P. W. T., Pesola, G. R., McDermott, K., Bajorunas, D. R., & Brennan, M. F. (1991) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19910115)67:2 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Combined analysis of autoantibodies improves prediction of IDDM in islet cell antibody-positive relatives
Bingley, P. J., Christie, M. R., Bonifacio, E. E., et al. (1994) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.43.11.1304 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Although DR3-DQB1*0201 may be associated with multiple component diseases of the autoimmune polyglandular syndromes, the human leukocyte antigen DR4-DQB1*0302 haplotype is implicated only in beta-cell autoimmunity
Huang, W., Connor, E., Rosa, T. D., MUIR, A. B., Schatz, D., Silverstein, J. H., Crockett, S., She, J., & Maclaren, N. K. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.7.8675578 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
A prospective study of glucose tolerance, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon responses in patients with pancreatic carcinoma
Schwartz, S. S., Zeidler, A., Moossa, A. R., Kuku, S. F., & Rubenstein, A. H. (1978) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01072886 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Lilly Lecture: molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. Lessons from patients with mutations in the insulin-receptor gene
Taylor, S. I. (1992) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.41.11.1473 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Abnormal Insulin Secretion, Not Insulin Resistance, Is the Genetic or Primary Defect of MODY in the RW Pedigree
Herman, W. H., Fajans, S. S., Ortiz, F. J., Smith, M. J., Sturis, J., Bell, G. I., Polonsky, K. S., & Halter, J. B. (1994) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.43.1.40 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Pancreatic Islet Cell Cytoplasmic Antibody in Diabetes is Represented by Antibodies to Islet Cell Antigen 512 and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase
Myers, M. A., Rabin, D. U., & Rowley, M. J. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.44.11.1290 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Diabetes Due to Secretion of an Abnormal Insulin
Given, B. D., Mako, M. E., Tager, H. S., Baldwin, D., Markese, J., Rubenstein, A. H., Olefsky, J. M., Kobayashi, M., Kolterman, O., & Poucher, R. (1980) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198001173020301 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Antibodies to GAD and Tryptic Fragments of Islet 64K Antigen as Distinct Markers for Development of IDDM: Studies With Identical Twins
Christie, M. R., Tun, R. Y. M., Lo, S. S. S., Cassidy, D., Brown, T. J., Hollands, J., Shattock, M., Bottazzo, G. F., & Leslie, R. D. G. (1992) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.41.7.782 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Comparison of National Diabetes Data Group and World Health Organization criteria for detecting gestational diabetes mellitus
Deerochanawong, C., Putiyanun, C., Wongsuryrat, M., Serirat, S., & Jinayon, P. (1996) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00400656 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
PREVALENCE OF GENETIC HAEMOCHROMATOSIS AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS
PHELPS, G. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90426-1 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Diagnosing diabetes mellitus - do we need new criteria?
McCance, D. R., Hanson, R. L., Pettitt, D. J., Bennett, P. H., Hadden, D. R., & Knowler, W. C. (1997) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050671 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Familial Hyperproinsulinemia Due to a Proposed Defect in Conversion of Proinsulin to Insulin
Gruppuso, P. A., Görden, P., Kahn, C. R., Cornblath, M., Zeller, W. P., & Schwartz, R. (1984) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198409063111003 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
A comparison of the relationships of the glucose tolerance test and the glycated haemoglobin assay with diabetic vascular disease in the community. The Islington Diabetes Survey
Jackson, C., Yudkin, J. S., & Forrest, R. D. (1992) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(92)90156-l · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Relationship of Glycosylated Hemoglobin to Oral Glucose Tolerance: Implications for Diabetes Screening
Little, R. R., England, J. D., Wiedmeyer, H.-M., McKenzie, E. M., Pettitt, D. J., Knowler, W. C., & Goldstein, D. E. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.1.60 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Pentamidine-Induced Derangements of Glucose Homeostasis: Determinant Roles of Renal Failure and Drug Accumulation: A Study of 128 Patients
Assan, R., Perronne, C., Assan, D., Chotard, L., Mayaud, C., Matheron, S., & Zucman, D. (1995) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.18.1.47 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Do the current standards for glucose tolerance testing in pregnancy represent a valid conversion of O'Sullivan's original criteria?
Sacks, D. A., Abu-Fadil, S., Greenspoon, J. S., & Fotheringham, N. (1989) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(89)90369-4 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Altered insulin secretory responses to glucose in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects with mutations in the diabetes susceptibility gene MODY3 on chromosome 12
Byrne, M. M., Sturis, J., Menzel, S., et al. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.11.1503 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Diabetic ketoacidosis in obese African-Americans
Umpierrez, G. E., Casals, M. M. C., Gebhart, S. S. P., et al. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.44.7.790 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
DOES HYPERGLYCÆMIA OR HYPERINSULINÆMIA CHARACTERISE THE PATIENT WITH CHEMICAL DIABETES ?
Reaven, G., Olefsky, J. M., & Farquhar, J. (1972) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90977-4 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Risk factors for NIDDM in white population. Paris prospective study
Charles, M.-A. A., Fontbonne, A., Thibult, N., et al. (1991) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.40.7.796 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Boston Gestational Diabetes Studies: Review and Perspectives
O’Sullivan, J. B. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-1680-6_26 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Effects of weight loss on mechanisms of hyperglycemia in obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Henry, R. R., Wallace, P., & Olefsky, J. M. (1986) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.35.9.990 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Comparison of World Health Organization and National Diabetes Data Group Procedures to Detect Abnormalities of Glucose Tolerance During Pregnancy
Pettitt, D. J., Bennett, P. H., Hanson, R. L., Narayan, K. M. V., & Knowler, W. C. (1994) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.17.11.1264 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Determining Diabetes Prevalence: a Rational Basis for the Use of Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentrations?
Finch, C. F., Zimmet, P., & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (1990) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1990.tb01457.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Revision of diagnostic criteria for diabetes
Charles, M.-A. A., Balkau, B., Vauzelle-Kervroedan, F., Thibult, N., & Eschwège, É. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)65719-4 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Assessment of insulin sensitivity in glucokinase-deficient subjects
Clément, K., Pueyo, M. E., Vaxillaire, M., Rakotoambinina, B., Thuillier, F., Passa, P., Froguel, P., Robert, J., & Velho, G. (1996) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00400417 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Metabolic control and B cell function in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis
Larsen, S., Hilsted, J., Tronier, B., & WORNING, H. (1987) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(87)90133-8 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Efficacy of Screening for Gestational Diabetes
Marquette, G. P., Klein, V. R., & Niebyl, J. R. (1985) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/s-2007-999901 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Visual Impairment and Retinopathy in People With Normal Glucose Tolerance, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Newly Diagnosed NIDDM
Klein, R., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Blunt, B. A., & Wingard, D. L. (1991) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.14.10.914 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Studies on mutant human insulin genes: identification and sequence analysis of a gene encoding [SerB24]insulin.
Haneda, M., Chan, S. J., Kwok, S. C. M., Rubenstein, A. H., & Steiner, D. F. (1983) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.80.20.6366 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Why Use the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test?
Stolk, R. P., Orchard, T. J., & Grobbee, D. E. (1995) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.18.7.1045 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The association of glycemia and cause-specific mortality in a diabetic population
Moss, S. E. (1994) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.154.21.2473 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Familial hyperproinsulinemia. Two cohorts secreting indistinguishable type II intermediates of proinsulin conversion.
Robbins, D. C., Shoelson, S. E., Rubenstein, A. H., & Tager, H. S. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111264 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant variants in NIDDM
Banerji, M. A., & Lebovitz, H. E. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.38.6.784 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Screening for NIDDM: Opportunities for detection, treatment, and prevention
Knowler, W. C. (1994) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.17.5.445 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus following pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia in humans
Bouchard, P., Sai, P., Reach, G., et al. (1982) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.31.1.40 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Long‐term Results in 64 Patients Operated Upon for Pheochromocytoma
Stenström, G., Ernest, I., & Tisell, L. (1988) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb15883.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Malnutrition and Diabetes in the Tropics
Rao, R. H., & Yajnik, C. S. (1996) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.19.9.1014 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Relationship between serum insulin autoantibodies, islet cell antibodies and Coxsackie-B4 and mumps virus-specific antibodies at the clinical manifestation of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes
Karjalainen, J., Knip, M., Hy�ty, H., Leinikki, P., Ilonen, J., K��r, M. L., & �kerblom, H. K. (1988) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00276847 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Influence of diagnostic criteria on the incidence of gestational diabetes and perinatal morbidity
Magee, M. S. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.5.609 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Onset of diabetes with high titer anti-GAD antibody after IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis
Shiba, T., Morino, Y., Tagawa, K., Fujino, H., & Unuma, T. (1995) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(95)01188-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex I May Account for IDDM Induced by Intoxication With the Rodenticide Vacor
Esposti, M. D., Ngo, A., & Myers, M. A. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.45.11.1531 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Pancreatic islet cell cytoplasmic antibody in diabetes is represented by antibodies to islet cell antigen 512 and glutamic acid decarboxylase
Myers, M. A., Rabin, D. U., & Rowley, M. J. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.44.11.1290 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The ketosis-resistance in fibro-calculous-pancreatic-diabetes. 1. Clinical observations and endocrine-metabolic measurements during oral glucose tolerance test
Yajnik, C. S., Shelgikar, K. M., Naik, S. S., Kanitkar, S. V., Ørskov, H., Alberti, K. G. M. M., & Hockaday, T. D. R. (1992) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(92)90019-n · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Abnormal insulin secretion, not insulin resistance, is the genetic or primary defect of MODY in the RW pedigree
Herman, W. H., Fajans, S. S., Ortiz, F. J., et al. (1994) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.43.1.40 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Insulin Therapy for Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Bolus insulin injection versus continuous insulin infusion
Butkiewicz, E. K., Leibson, C. L., O’Brien, P. C., Palumbo, P. J., & Rizza, R. A. (1995) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.18.8.1187 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
GAD65 autoantibodies increase the predictability but not the sensitivity of islet cell and insulin autoantibodies for developing insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Schoot, M., Schatz, D., Atkinson, M., Krischer, J., Mehta, H., Vold, B., & Maclaren, N. (1994) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1006/jaut.1994.1070 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Antibodies to GAD and tryptic fragments of islet 64K antigen as distinct markers for development of IDDM. Studies with identical twins
Christie, M. R., Tun, R. Y. M., Lo, S. S., et al. (1992) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.41.7.782 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Age and family relationship accentuate the risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in relatives of patients with IDDM
Cantor, A. B., Krischer, J. P., Cuthbertson, D. D., Schatz, D., Riley, W. J., Malone, J. I., Schwartz, S. L., Quattrin, T., & Maclaren, N. K. (1995) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.80.12.8530627 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Relationship of glycosylated hemoglobin to oral glucose tolerance. Implications for diabetes screening
Little, R. R., England, J. D., Wiedmeyer, H.-M., et al. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.37.1.60 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Autonomic and Peripheral Neuropathy after Vacor Rodenticide Poisoning: A Review
Gallanosa, A. G., Spyker, D. A., & Curnow, R. T. (1981) · Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.3109/15563658108990268 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Gestational diabetes screening in a private, Midwestern American population
Dietrich, M. L., Dolnicek, T. F., & Rayburn, W. F. (1987) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(87)90007-x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Genetic Syndromes Associated with Glucose Intolerance
Rimoin, D. L. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66332-1_7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Prednisolone Glucose Tolerance Test in Pregnancy
Kyle, G. C., Yalçin, S., Drewyer, R., & Carruthers, B. M. (1964) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.13.6.572 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Effects of Drugs on Glucose Tolerance in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetics (Part II)1
O’Byrne, S., & Feely, J. (1990) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199040020-00003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Value of ICA512 antibodies for prediction and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes
Mayrhofer, M., Rabin, D. U., Messenger, L., Standl, E., & Ziegler, A. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1211447 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I may account for IDDM induced by intoxication with the rodenticide Vacor
Esposti, M. D., Ngo, A., & Myers, M. A. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.11.1531 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Do Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibodies Improve the Prediction of IDDM in First-degree Relatives At Risk for IDDM?
Schmidli, R. S., Colman, P. G., & Harrison, L. C. (1994) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1006/jaut.1994.1071 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

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2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s002 · Cited by 4,792 · see citing works
Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery
Sjöström, L., Lindroos, A.-K., Peltonen, M., Torgerson, J., Bouchard, C., Carlsson, B., Dahlgren, S., Larsson, B., Narbro, K., Sjöström, C. D., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa035622 · Cited by 4,457 · see citing works
2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Gaglia, J. L., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D. M., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s002 · Cited by 2,646 · see citing works
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009
American Diabetes Association (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-s013 · Cited by 2,167 · see citing works
2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Gaglia, J. L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s002 · Cited by 2,086 · see citing works
The natural history of insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Weyer, C., Bogardus, C., Mott, D. M., & Pratley, R. E. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci7231 · Cited by 1,940 · see citing works
2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes.
Marx, N., Federici, M., Schütt, K., Müller-Wieland, D., Ajjan, R. A., Antunes, M. J., Christodorescu, R. M., Crawford, C., Di Angelantonio, E., Eliasson, B., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192 · Cited by 1,642 · see citing works
Second-Generation (Atypical) Antipsychotics and Metabolic Effects
Newcomer, J. W. (2005) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200519001-00001 · Cited by 1,333 · see citing works
2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Ebekozien, O., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s002 · Cited by 1,393 · see citing works
Management of diabetes and hyperglycemia in hospitals.
Clement, S., Braithwaite, S. S., Magee, M. F., Ahmann, A., Smith, E. P., Schafer, R. G., Hirsch, I. B., & on behalf of the Diabetes in Hospitals Writing Committee (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2.553 · Cited by 1,266 · see citing works
Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en Y gastric bypass on type 2 diabetes mellitus
Schauer, P. R., Burguera, B., Ikramuddin, S., Cottam, D., Gourash, W., Hamad, G., Eid, G. M., Mattar, S., Ramanathan, R., Barinas-Mitchel, E., et al. (2003) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000089851.41115.1b · Cited by 1,183 · see citing works
The Metabolic Syndrome and 11-Year Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
McNeill, A. M., Rosamond, W. D., Girman, C. J., Golden, S. H., Schmidt, M. I., East, H. E., Ballantyne, C. M., & HEISS, G. M. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.2.385 · Cited by 1,051 · see citing works
Use of metabolic markers to identify overweight individuals who are insulin resistant
McLaughlin, T., Abbasi, F., Cheal, K., Chu, J., Lamendola, C., & Reaven, G. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-10-200311180-00007 · Cited by 1,022 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Agardh, E. E., Allebeck, P., Hallqvist, J., Moradi, T., & Sidorchuk, A. (2011) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyr029 · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
Association between prediabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis
Huang, Y., Cai, X., Mai, W., Li, M., & Hu, Y. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i5953 · Cited by 1,012 · see citing works
Association of Hemoglobin A 1c with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Adults: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk
Khaw, K.-T., Wareham, N., Bingham, S., Luben, R., Welch, A., & Day, N. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-6-200409210-00006 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Buchanan, T. A., & Xiang, A. H. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200524531 · Cited by 2,123 · see citing works
Diabetic Foot Disorders: A Clinical Practice Guideline (2006 Revision)
Frykberg, R. G., Zgonis, T., Armstrong, D. G., Driver, V. R., Giurini, J. M., Kravitz, S. R., Landsman, A. S., Lavery, L. A., Moore, J. C., Schuberth, J. M., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery · doi:10.1016/s1067-2516(07)60001-5 · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults
Satman, İ., Ömer, B., Tütüncü, Y., Kalaça, S., Gedik, S., Dınççağ, N., Karşıdağ, K., Genç, S., Telci, A., Canbaz, B., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus statistics on prevalence and mortality: facts and fallacies
Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. G. M. M., Magliano, D. J., & Bennett, P. H. (2016) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.105 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and risks of cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 144 prospective studies
Xue, M., Xu, W., Ou, Y.-N., Cao, X.-P., Tan, M.-S., Tan, L., & Yu, J.-T. (2019) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100944 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents
Mayer‐Davis, E. J., Kahkoska, A. R., Jefferies, C., Dabelea, D., Balde, N. M., Gong, C., Aschner, P. J., & Craig, M. E. (2018) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12773 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
NEW-ONSET DIABETES AFTER TRANSPLANTATION: 2003 INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS GUIDELINES1
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Authors: The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
Corresponding author: The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2003-01-01
Volume: 26
Issue: suppl_1
Pages: s5-s20
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.2007.s5
OpenAlex: W4234393699
Cited by: 2,689
References: 132
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 96 · 2018: 131 · 2017: 123 · 2016: 143 · 2015: 137 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 144 · 2012: 143
FWCI: 74.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, diagnosis, classification, expert committee report
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Pregnancy, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Diabetes, Gestational

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

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Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

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