Physiological Increases in Uncoupling Protein 3 Augment Fatty Acid Oxidation and Decrease Reactive Oxygen Species Production Without Uncoupling Respiration in Muscle Cells
Open accessAbstract
Decreased uncoupling protein (UCP)3 is associated with insulin resistance in muscle of pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals, but the function of UCP3 remains unclear. Our goal was to elucidate mechanisms underlying the negative correlation between UCP3 and insulin resistance in muscle. We determined effects of physiologic UCP3 overexpression on glucose and fatty acid oxidation and on mitochondrial uncoupling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in L6 muscle cells. An adenoviral construct caused a 2.2- to 2.5-fold increase in UCP3 protein. Palmitate oxidation was increased in muscle cells incubated under normoglycemic or hyperglycemic conditions, whereas adenoviral green fluorescent protein infection or chronic low doses of the uncoupler dinitrophenol had no effect. Increased UCP3 did not affect glucose oxidation, whereas dinitrophenol and insulin treatments caused increases. Basal oxygen consumption, assessed in situ using self-referencing microelectrodes, was not significantly affected, whereas dinitrophenol caused increases. Mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased by dinitrophenol but was not affected by increased UCP3 expression. Finally, mitochondrial ROS production decreased significantly with increased UCP3 expression. Results are consistent with UCP3 functioning to facilitate fatty acid oxidation and minimize ROS production. As impaired fatty acid metabolism and ROS handling are important precursors in muscular insulin resistance, UCP3 is an important therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes.
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Alterations in mitochondrial energetics occurred absent overt perturbations in respiratory control or capacity.
“Interestingly, herein and in previous reports (50,51), alterations in mitochondrial energetics occurred absent overt perturbations in respiratory control or capacity.”
From Carnitine insufficiency caused by aging and overnutrition compromises mitochondrial performance and metabolic control (2009) · cites this paper as [51]
UCP3 expression in cultured myotubes and rodent skeletal muscle has been linked to modulation of fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial integrity, and management of ROS/oxidative stress.
“its expression in cultured myotubes and rodent skeletal muscle has been linked to modulation of fatty acid oxidation [56–58], mitochondrial integrity, and to management of ROS/oxidative stress [59–62].”
From Proinflammatory NFkB signalling promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle in response to cellular fuel overloading (2019) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- MacLellan, J. D., Gerrits, M. F., Gowing, A., Smith, P. J. S., Wheeler, M. B., & Harper, M.-E.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Marine Biological Laboratory (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2005-08-01
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2343-2350
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2163915523
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 8.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR001395)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- UCP3, fatty acid oxidation, palmitate oxidation, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial uncoupling, insulin resistance, skeletal muscle, glucose oxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential, dinitrophenol, type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, adenoviral gene transfer
- MeSH terms
- Uncoupling Protein 3, Animals, Carrier Proteins, Cell Line, Dinitrophenols, Fatty Acids, Glucose, Ion Channels, Membrane Potentials, Mitochondria, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Transfection, Gene Expression, Reactive Oxygen Species, Muscle, Skeletal, Palmitic Acid, Mitochondrial Proteins, Muscle Cells, Rats
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