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Blockchains everywhere - a use-case of blockchains in the pharma supply-chain
Abstract
Blockchains are on the top of the Gartner Hype Cycle 2016 and many start-ups are integrating blockchains into their technology portfolio. While blockchains have emerged in the context of financial applications, non-financial application areas are of interest as well. In this paper, modum.io is presented, a start-up that uses IoT (Internet of Things) sensor devices leveraging blockchain technology to assert data immutability and public accessibility of temperature records, while reducing operational costs in the pharmaceutical supply-chain. The medical industry has many complex and strict environmental control process (e.g., temperature and humidity) to ensure quality control and regulatory compliance over the transport of medical products. The sensor devices monitor the temperature of each parcel during the shipment to fully ensure GDP regulations. All data is transferred to the blockchain where a smart contract assesses against the product attributes. As modum.io is not the only non-financial start-up working with blockchains, a list of areas and other start-ups is provided that aim to reduce bureaucracy, distribute the infrastructure, and saving costs using blockchains.
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“From the data in Tables 567, other important possible objectives, achievable through the adoption of the blockchain technology, can be highlighted: regulatory compliance in pharmaceutical supply chains [78], right supply-demand matching in agricultural supply chains [81], and alignment of information sharing among supply chain actors [83].”
From A Review of Blockchain-Based Systems in Transportation (2019) · cites this paper as [78]
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“Some of them propose new platforms just at a concept level [45,51,52,75,77,83,84,88,89,91], some of them present proofs of their concepts [76,79,81], and only three of them present a real implementation based on real blockchains: [78,80,82].”
From A Review of Blockchain-Based Systems in Transportation (2019) · cites this paper as [78]
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“Papers [78,82] also propose real implementations, but based on existing blockchains: Ethereum [78] and Ethereum and Hyperledger [82].”
From A Review of Blockchain-Based Systems in Transportation (2019) · cites this paper as [78]
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“Ethereum”
From A Review of Blockchain-Based Systems in Transportation (2019) · cites this paper as [78]
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An Intelligent HealthCare System Using Blockchain Techniques
Deepika, J., Akilandeswari, J., Lokeshwaran, B., Nedunchezhiyan, M., Sankhyan, N., & Prabhu, A. (2023) · International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA) · doi:10.1109/iceca58529.2023.10395852 · Cited by 9
“…out that investigate the function of blockchain in smart healthcare's sustainable supply chain, particularly how it might be used to track fake and inferior drugs [11], continuous monitor of the operational environment [12], and incorporation of supply chain model with blockchain technique [13].”
BackgroundGoswami, A., Baveja, A., Ding, X. D., et al. (2024) · Annals of Operations Research · doi:10.1007/s10479-024-06381-y · Cited by 9
“DuringdiscussionswithDHSandSMEs,it waspointedoutthatPSCsecuritywouldbeimprovedbyenhancedvettingofsuppliersand theirprocesses,hiringmoreinspectors,addingpenaltiestosupplycontractsforfailureto implement improved security, and judicious use of smart technology (Bocek et al., 2017).”
Securing Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Workflow against Internal and External Attacks
Al-Farsi, S., Bensmail, H., & Bakiras, S. (2022) · Machines · doi:10.3390/machines10060431 · Cited by 9
“More recently, some authors have developed blockchain-based management of the supply chain processes in different application domains, including fresh food delivery [13], pharmaceutical [14], logistics [13,15] and agriculture [16].”
BackgroundBibliometric Analysis of Published Literature on the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain
Saha, S. K. (2022) · International Journal of Applied Logistics · doi:10.4018/ijal.309088 · Cited by 9
Vaigandla, K. K., Vanteru, M. K., & Siluveru, M. (2024) · Mesopotamian Journal of Computer Science · doi:10.58496/mjcsc/2024/001 · Cited by 9
“Bocek et al. [11] developed a system using the Ethereum blockchain to store data related to the drug supply chain.”
MethodMedicine Information Record Based on Blockchain Technology
Meyliana, M., Surjandy, S., Fernando, E., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1109/icitech50181.2021.9590133 · Cited by 9
Decentralized Authorization using Hyperledger Fabric
Vasishta, M. V. A., Palanisamy, B., & Sural, S. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) · doi:10.1109/blockchain55522.2022.00040 · Cited by 11
“The notion of smart contract enabled the creation of diverse applications in various fields including healthcare [7] [8], IoT [9] [10], and supply chain management [11] [12] [13].”
BackgroundHaughton, O., Campbell, C. E.-A., Howe, G., et al. (2022) · doi:10.1109/contesa57046.2022.10011252 · Cited by 9
“Counterfeit pharmaceuticals pose a concern that blockchain technology can help to remediate[27], [28].”
BackgroundA BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND INTERNET OF THINGS TO SECURE IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Hannan, S. A. (2023) · Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science & Engineering · doi:10.53555/nncse.v9i4.1641 · Cited by 10
A blockchain-based framework for drug traceability
Kambilo, E. K., Zghal, H. B., Ghedira-Guegan, C., et al. (2022) · ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC) · doi:10.1145/3477314.3507118 · Cited by 9
“In [4], a study on the different mechanisms for introducing drugs and counterfeit products into the pharmaceutical supply chain was proposed as a model”
BackgroundTowards a secure behavior modeling for IoT networks using BlockchainPreprint
Ali, J., Khalid, A. S., Yafi, E., Musa, S., & Ahmed, W. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2001.01841 · Cited by 20
“A number of researches have shown the integration of BC technology in different IoT use-cases [8] [15] [32] [7] [14] [10] [31] [12].”
BackgroundContext-Aware Electronic Health Record—Internet of Things and Blockchain Approach
Guimarães, T. A. S., Duarte, R. J. D. S., Hak, F., & Santos, M. F. (2024) · Informatics · doi:10.3390/informatics11040098 · Cited by 8
A Three-Layered Approach for Designing Smart Contracts in Collaborative Processes
Bagozi, A., Bianchini, D., Antonellis, V. D., Garda, M., & Melchiori, M. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33246-4_28 · Cited by 9
Las organizaciones y el impacto de las tecnologías emergentes
Panamericana, F. U., Ospina, J. M. M., Quintero, F. A. V., et al. (2020) · Fondo Editorial Universitario Servando Garcés de la Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero / Alianza de Investigadores Internacionales S.A.S. eBooks · doi:10.47212/industria4.0-2 · Cited by 8
IoT-Integrated Blockchain in the Drug Supply Chain
Rayan, R. Α., & Zubair, M. A. M. (2021) · EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65691-1_7 · Cited by 8
Blockchain Technology Solutions for Supply Chains
Bjerkenes, M., & Haddara, M. (2019) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32520-6_65 · Cited by 8
Blockchains: A Conceptual Assessment from a Product Lifecycle Implementation Perspective
Belhi, A., Bouras, A., Patel, M. K., & Aouni, B. (2020) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62807-9_46 · Cited by 9
Pesqueira, A. M. (2022) · EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17960-0_2 · Cited by 7
A blockchain based approach for the authorization policies delegation in emergency situations
Sherazi, S. N. A., Zahoor, E., Akhtar, S., et al. (2022) · Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies · doi:10.1002/ett.4461 · Cited by 7
Blockchain Security Implementation using Python with NB-IoT deployment in Food Supply Chain
Mohammed, C. P., & Chopra, S. R. (2023) · International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI) · doi:10.1109/esci56872.2023.10100139 · Cited by 8
Majumdar, P., & Mitra, S. (2024) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-024-04337-2 · Cited by 7
“…the low-level IoT security by improving the remote attestation process to evaluate the authenticity of the Trusted Computer Base of the device [116] IoT sensors combine with Blockchain to guarantee data accessibility and integrity in the pharmaceutical supply chain [117] The author proposes a…”
Busse, A., Eberhardt, J., Frost, S., et al. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC) · doi:10.1109/bloc.2019.8751373 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Bocek, T., Rodrigues, B. B., Strasser, T., & Stiller, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Venue
- 2017 IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2017-05
- Pages
- 772-777
- OpenAlex
- W2737252471
- Cited by
- 585
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 41.17
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM) (publishedVersion)
- Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Supply Chain Traceability
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
- Keywords
- blockchain, pharmaceutical supply chain, IoT sensors, temperature monitoring, smart contracts, data immutability, good distribution practice, drug transport, startups, regulatory compliance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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