Calibration for Archaeological and Environmental Terrestrial Samples in the Time Range 26–50 ka cal BP
Open accessAbstract
For the older part of the radiocarbon dating range, the IntCal13 curve provides the “state of the art” for terrestrial calibration based on all available data. It is constructed from different records, each of which by themselves could be used as a “comparison tool,” depending on the research objectives. This paper discusses the pros and cons of different approaches that can be taken when using 14 C dates from this time range where the agreement amongst the underlying data sets is poorer than in other time periods. The discussion is illustrated with example calibrations against IntCa09, IntCal13, and comparisons to the Suigetsu record. The examples and discussion arc aimed at users of terrestrial 14 C dates, in particular Upper Paleolithic archaeologists and those working with environmental terrestrial materials in the same time range.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The radiocarbon dates were calibrated with the IntCal13 curve using OxCal software (v.4.2).
“The radiocarbon dates were calibrated with the IntCal13 curve (39, 40) using OxCal software (v.4.2).”
From A high-precision chronological model for the decorated Upper Paleolithic cave of Chauvet-Pont d’Arc, Ardèche, France (2016) · cites this paper as [40]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years cal BP
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., et al. (2013) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947 · Cited by 14,591 · see citing works
Self-citationIntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP
Reimer, P. J., Baillie, M. G. L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Buck, C. E., Burr, G. S., Edwards, R. L., et al. (2009) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200034202 · Cited by 4,290 · see citing works
Self-citationIntcal04 Terrestrial Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 0–26 Cal Kyr BP
(2004) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200032999 · Cited by 3,673 · see citing works
Modeling Atmospheric 14C Influences and 14C Ages of Marine Samples to 10,000 BC
Stuiver, M., & Braziunas, T. F. (1993) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200013874 · Cited by 1,088 · see citing works
Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science
(2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-64565-7 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Kitagawa, H., & van der Plicht, J. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5354.1187 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Self-citationA new radiocarbon revolution and the dispersal of modern humans in Eurasia
Mellars, P. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04521 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Muscheler, R., Beer, J., Kubik, P. W., & Synal, H. (2005) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.01.012 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Hughen, K., Southon, J., Lehman, S. J., Bertrand, C., & Turnbull, J. C. (2006) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.03.014 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
A complete terrestrial radiocarbon record for 11.2 to 52.8 kyr B.P
Bronk Ramsey, C., Staff, R. A., Bryant, C. L., Brock, F., Kitagawa, H., van der Plicht, J., Schlolaut, G., Marshall, M. H., Brauer, A., Lamb, H. F., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1226660 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationLowe, J. J., Barton, N., Blockley, S. P. E., Ramsey, C. B., Cullen, V. L., Davies, W., Gamble, C., Grant, K., Hardiman, M., Housley, R. A., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1204579109 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationChanges in North Atlantic Radiocarbon Reservoir Ages During the Allerød and Younger Dryas
Bondevik, S., Mangerud, J., Birks, H. H., Gulliksen, S., & Reimer, P. J. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1123300 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Evolution of prehistoric cave art
Valladas, H., Clottes, J., Geneste, J.-M., Garcia, M. A., Arnold, M., Cachier, H., & Tisnérat-Laborde, N. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35097160 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
A high-resolution record of atmospheric 14C based on Hulu Cave speleothem H82
Southon, J., Noronha, A. L., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., & Wang, Y. (2012) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.022 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Marine reservoir age variability and water mass distribution in the Iceland Sea
Eiríksson, J., Larsen, G., Knudsen, K. L., Heinemeier, J., & Símonarson, L. A. (2004) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.08.002 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
NotCal04—Comparison/Calibration 14C Records 26–50 Cal Kyr BP
van der Plicht, J., Beck, J. W., Bard, É., Baillie, M. G. L., Blackwell, P. G., Buck, C. E., Friedrich, M., Guilderson, T. P., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., et al. (2004) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200033117 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationTowards radiocarbon calibration beyond 28ka using speleothems from the Bahamas
Hoffmann, D. L., Beck, J., Richards, D. A., Smart, P. L., Singarayer, J. S., Ketchmark, T., & Hawkesworth, C. J. (2009) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.004 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Consistently large marine reservoir ages in the Norwegian Sea during the Last Deglaciation
Björck, S., Koç, N., & Skog, G. (2003) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(03)00002-7 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Bard, É., Rostek, F., & Ménot, G. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1091964 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Calibration of Radiocarbon Dates for the Late Pleistocene Using U/Th Dates on Stalagmites
Vogel, J. C., & Kronfeld, J. (1997) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s003382220004087x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Developments in radiocarbon calibration for archaeology
Ramsey, C. B., Buck, C. E., Manning, S. W., Reimer, P., & Plicht, H. V. D. (2006) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00094424 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationNiu, M., Heaton, T. J., Blackwell, P. G., & Buck, C. E. (2013) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.17222 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Radiocarbon Dating's Final Frontier
Balter, M. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.313.5793.1560 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The ownership of time: approved 14C calibration or freedom of choice?
van Andel, T. H. (2005) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00115066 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Debates over Palaeolithic chronology – the reliability of 14C is confirmed
Talamo, S., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., et al. (2012) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.01.042 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hajdas, I., Taricco, C., Bonani, G., Beer, J., Bernasconi, S. M., & Wacker, L. (2011) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200039059 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
RADIOCARBON DATING | Sources of Error
Scott, E. M. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53643-3.00050-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Bard E, Rostek F, Ménot-Combes G. 2004. A better ra- diocarbon clock. Science 303(5655):178-9.
- kyr B.P. Science 338(6105): 370-4.
- Edwards RL, Cheng H, Wang YJ, Yuan DX, Kelly MJ, Kong XG, Wang XF, Burnett A, Smith E. 2013. A re- fined Hulu and Dongge Cave climate record and the timing of the climate change during the last glacial cy- cle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, submitted.
- Muscheler R, Beer J, Kubik PW, Synal H-A. 2005. Geo- magnetic field intensity during the last 60,000 years based on 10 Be and 36 Cl from the Summit ice cores and 14 C. Quaternary Science Reviews 24(16-17):1849- 60.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years cal BP
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., et al. (2013) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947 · Cited by 14,591 · see citing works
Self-citationGenome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia
Fu, Q., Li, H., Moorjani, P., Jay, F., Slepchenko, S. M., Bondarev, A. A., Johnson, P. L. F., Aximu-Petri, A., Prüfer, K., de Filippo, C., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13810 · Cited by 1,023 · see citing works
Quiles, A., Valladas, H., Bocherens, H., Delqué-Količ, E., Kaltnecker, E., van der Plicht, J., Delannoy, J.-J., Feruglio, V., Fritz, C., Monney, J., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1523158113 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Ramsey, C. B., Scott, E. M., & van der Plicht, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ramsey, C Bronk
- Venue
- Radiocarbon
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2021-2027
- ISSN
- 0033-8222 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-5755
- OpenAlex
- W2021944208
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 10.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Radiocarbon (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council (NRCF010002, NE/H007865/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Tree-ring climate responses
- Keywords
- radiocarbon calibration, terrestrial samples, Upper Palaeolithic, Late Glacial, Holocene, calibration curve, archaeological chronology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review