Cited by 4,028Education, Achievement, and GiftednessPersonality Traits and PsychologyPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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The Self-Efficacy Scale: Construction and Validation

Sherer, Mark, Maddux, James E., Mercandante, Blaise, Prentice-Dunn, Steven, Jacobs, Beth, Rogers, Ronald W.·1982·Psychological Reports

DOI 10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663

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Abstract

Self-efficacy theory asserts that personal mastery expectations are the primary determinants of behavioral change. Further, it is suggested that individual differences in past experiences and attribution of success to skill or chance result in different levels of generalized self-efficacy expectations. To measure these generalized expectancies, a Self-efficacy Scale was developed. A factor analysis yielded two subscales: a General Self-efficacy subscale (17 items) and a Social Self-efficacy subscale (6 items). Confirmation of several predicted conceptual relationships between the Self-efficacy subscales and other personality measures (i.e., Locus of Control, Personal Control, Social Desirability, Ego Strength, Interpersonal Competence, and Self-esteem) provided evidence of construct validity. Positive relationships between the Self-efficacy Scale and vocational, educational, and military success established criterion validity. Future research and clinical uses of the scale were discussed.

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Authors: Sherer, M., Maddux, J. E., Mercandante, B., Prentice-Dunn, S., Jacobs, B., & Rogers, R. W.
Affiliations: Mississippi State University (US)
Texas Tech University (US)
University of Alabama (US)
University of Alabama
ORCID: Sherer, Mark
Venue: Psychological Reports
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1982-10
Volume: 51
Issue: 2
Pages: 663-671
ISSN: 0033-2941 (ISSN-L)
1558-691X
DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663
OpenAlex: W2037668503
Cited by: 4,028
References: 14
Citations by year: 2026: 107 · 2025: 131 · 2024: 163 · 2023: 211 · 2022: 233 · 2021: 195 · 2020: 216 · 2019: 210 · 2018: 177 · 2017: 186 · 2016: 183 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 177 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 138
FWCI: 3.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Reports (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: self-efficacy, self-efficacy scale, general self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, scale development, construct validity, criterion validity, locus of control, personal control, ego strength, self-esteem, social skills, social desirability, attribution theory, behavior change

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The Self-Efficacy Scale: Construction and Validation

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