Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia: toxic denaturants and disinfectants pose additional risks
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Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia: toxic denaturants and disinfectants pose additional risks: In 2005, 30% of all alcohol consumption in Russia was unrecorded. This paper describes the chemical composition of unrecorded and low cost alcohol, including a toxicological evaluation. Alcohol products (n=22) from both recorded and unrecorded sources were obtained from three Russian cities (Saratov, Lipetsk and Irkutsk) and were chemically analyzed. Unrecorded alcohols included homemade samogons, medicinal alcohols and surrogate alcohols. Analysis included alcoholic strength, levels of volatile compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols), ethyl carbamate, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). Single samples showed contamination with DEP (275-1269 mg/l) and PHMG (515 mg/l) above levels of toxicological concern. Our detailed chemical analysis of Russian alcohols showed that the composition of vodka, samogon and medicinal alcohols generally did not raise major public health concerns other than for ethanol. It was shown, however, that concentration levels of DEP and PHMG in some surrogate alcohols make these samples unfit for human consumption as even moderate drinking would exceed acceptable daily intakes.
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While there have been some instances where ingredients of unrecorded alcohol have been found which could cause liver problems over and above the impact of ethanol, these instances are limited.
“While there have been some instances where ingredients of unrecorded alcohol have been found which could cause liver problems over and above the impact of ethanol 288, 289 these instances are limited, and the overall conclusion of relevant reviews has been that there is not sufficient evidence to link a sizable portion of liver cirrhosis mortality to unrecorded alcohol (290, 291; see also 292).”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [289]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Solodun, Y., Monakhova, Y., Kuballa, T., Samokhvalov, A., Rehm, J., & Lachenmeier, D.
- Affiliations
- Saratov State University (RU)
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Karlsruhe (DE)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Lachenmeier, Dirk
- Venue
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2011-12-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 198-205
- ISSN
- 1337-6853 (ISSN-L)
- 1337-9569
- PMC
- PMC3274728
- OpenAlex
- W2131437411
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 8.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- unrecorded alcohol, diethyl phthalate, ethyl carbamate, methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols, toxicological evaluation, acceptable daily intake
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