Comparison of Anatomic, Physiological, and Subjective Measures of the Nasal Airway
Abstract
Background Studies comparing different categories of nasal measures have reported inconsistent results. We sought to compare validated measures of the nasal airway: anatomic (acoustic rhinometry), physiological (nasal peak inspiratory flow), and subjective experience (Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale and a visual analog scale [VAS]). Methods This prospective cross-sectional study of 290 nonrhinologic patients included upright and supine rhinometry (minimum cross sectional area [MCA] and volume) and flow (mean and maximum) measurements, as well as subjective measures. Associations between measures were evaluated with Spearman correlations and multivariate linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, and smoking history. Results Correlations between objective (rhinometry and flow) and subjective categories of nasal measures ranged from -0.16 to 0.03 (mean correlation, -0.07 +/- 0.05), with 0 significant correlations of 16 tested. Correlations between anatomic (rhinometry) and physiological (flow) categories ranged from 0.04 to 0.15 (mean correlation, 0.10 +/- 0.03), with 0 significant correlations of 16 tested. In contrast, within each category (rhinometry, flow, and subjective), all correlations were significant (13 correlations, all p 0.05); only upright and supine MCAs were significantly associated with the VAS (both, p Conclusion Validated anatomic, physiological, and subjective nasal measures may assess different aspects of the nasal airway a…
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Lamb et al found no significant correlation between the objective and subjective measures used.
“No significant correlation was detected between the objective and subjective measures used.”
From Position Paper on Nasal Obstruction: Evaluation and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [83]
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Development of a Severity Classification System for Subjective Nasal Obstruction
Lipan, M. J., & Most, S. P. (2013) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2013.344 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Rhee, J. S., Sullivan, C. D., Frank, D. O., Kimbell, J. S., & Garcia, G. J. M. (2014) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2013.2473 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Perceiving Nasal Patency through Mucosal Cooling Rather than Air Temperature or Nasal Resistance
Zhao, K., Blacker, K., Luo, Y., Bryant, B., & Jiang, J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024618 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“Objective evaluation tools, such as acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry, CT staging scores, and endoscopic examination, often poorly correlate with subjective patency [1,2], even though these objective tools often correlate well with each other.”
BackgroundRegional peak mucosal cooling predicts the perception of nasal patency
Zhao, K., Jiang, J., Blacker, K., Lyman, B., Dalton, P., Cowart, B. J., & Pribitkin, E. A. (2014) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.24265 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“Objective measurements, such as rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, endoscopic examination, and computed tomography (CT) staging scores often poorly or inconsistently correlate with patient perceptions.(1,2) Without validated objective clinical tools, the current diagnosis and treatment of nasal obstruction symptoms…”
BackgroundKimbell, J. S., Frank, D. O., Laud, P., Garcia, G. J. M., & Rhee, J. S. (2013) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.08.007 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“In addition, difficulties correlating measurements with patient-reported symptoms indicate that new tools and measures are needed (Kjaergaard et al., 2008; Lam et al., 2006; Pawar et al., 2010; Rhee, 2009; Schumacher, 2002).”
BackgroundTrends in Functional Rhinoplasty
Most, S. P. (2008) · Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/archfaci.10.6.410 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Does Nasal Obstruction Mean That the Nose Is Obstructed?
Kjærgaard, T., Cvancarova, M., & Steinsvåg, S. (2008) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1097/mlg.0b013e318173a025 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“The mean MCA3 at baseline (0.43 cm2) was slightly below mean values from normative data.5 Mean PNIF (83 L/min) was not directly comparable with normative data because values above 120 L/min were recorded as 120 L/min, thereby lowering the mean.”
InfluentialNasal Airway Preservation Using the Autospreader Technique
Yoo, S., & Most, S. P. (2011) · Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/archfaci.2011.7 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Some have questioned the utility of such quantitative measures as they do not necessarily correlate with patient symptoms.(14) As such, we focus our outcomes analysis on a validated nasal questionnaire, the NOSE scale.”
Yoo, S. (2011) · Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/archfacial.2011.7 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Position Paper on Nasal Obstruction: Evaluation and Treatment
SEAIC Rhinoconjunctivitis Committee & SEORL Rhinology, A., Valero, A., Navarro, A., del Cuvillo, A., Alobid, I., Benito, Jr., Colás, C., de los Santos, G., Fernández Liesa, R., García-Lliberós, A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.18176/jiaci.0232 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Kuan, E. C., Suh, J. D., & Wang, M. B. (2015) · Current Allergy and Asthma Reports · doi:10.1007/s11882-014-0493-x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Correlation between Subjective Nasal Patency and Intranasal Airflow Distribution
Casey, K. P., Borojeni, A. A. T., Koenig, L. J., Rhee, J. S., & Garcia, G. J. M. (2017) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599816687751 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“on their findings, demonstrating that (1) patients with NAO have a deficit in middle airflow in the narrow cavity compared with healthy individuals (Figure 4; see Figure S2, in the online version of the article), (2) subjective nasal patency has a stronger correlation with middle airflow in the narrow cavity than with…”
BackgroundMethodThe relationship between nasal resistance to airflow and the airspace minimal cross-sectional area
Garcia, G., Hariri, B. M., Patel, R. G., & Rhee, J. (2016) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.051 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“NOSE score VAS score Minimal cross-sectional area −0.46 0.57 Nasal resistance 0.38 −0.44 Abbreviations: NOSE = Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation; VAS = Visual Analog Scale.”
InfluentialRhee, J., Cannon, D. E., Frank, D. O., & Kimbell, J. (2012) · Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/archfaci.2012.182 · Cited by 57
Kimbell, J., Garcia, G., Frank, D. O., Cannon, D. E., Pawar, S., & Rhee, J. (2012) · American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy · doi:10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3766 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Modified Cottle Maneuver in Predicting Outcomes in Functional Rhinoplasty
Fung, E., Hong, P., Moore, C., & Taylor, S. M. (2014) · Plastic Surgery International · doi:10.1155/2014/618313 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“During the initial preoperative evaluation, it may be difficult to establish correlation between subjective assessment of nasal airflow and actual physiologic and anatomic characteristics of the patient [16–19].”
BackgroundMinimal clinically important differences in nasal peak inspiratory flow.
Timperley, D., Srubisky, A., Stow, N. W., Marcells, G., & Harvey, R. (2011) · Rhinology · doi:10.4193/rhino10.097 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“demonstrated no significant correlations between measures of nasal airflow from different groups (18), other authors have demonstrated correlations between different categories of measurement (5,19-21).”
BackgroundA Comprehensive Quality-of-Life Instrument for Aesthetic and Functional Rhinoplasty: The RHINO Scale
Lee, M. K., & Most, S. P. (2016) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000000592 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Patients enrolled in the study were asked to complete the RHINO instrument on 3 separate occasions: (1) preoperatively at the consultation visit, (2) preoperatively on the day of surgery, and (3) postoperatively approximately 3 months after surgery.”
BackgroundMethodLong-term effects of mini-screw–assisted rapid palatal expansion on airway:
Mehta, S., Wang, D. Y. Q., Kuo, C., Mu, J., Vich, M. L., Allareddy, V., Tadinada, A., & Yadav, S. (2020) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/062520-586.1 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“However, dynamic evaluation of the respiratory system with rhinomanometry, nasal, and oral peak flow measurements can help to better understand the effects of such treatment modalities on the respiratory system.(19,20) A limitation of this study was that a true control was not present for comparison because of the del…”
BackgroundMeasuring Nasal Obstruction Outcomes.
Spataro, E. A., & Most, S. P. (2018) · Otolaryngologic clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.otc.2018.05.013 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Outcome of Nasal Valve Obstruction After Functional and Aesthetic-Functional Rhinoplasty
Yeung, A. H., Hassouneh, B., & Kim, D. W. (2015) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2015.1854 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Fuller, J. C., Levesque, P. A., & Lindsay, R. (2016) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2016.1410 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Magnusson, A., Bjerklin, K., Nilsson, P., Jönsson, F., & Marcusson, A. (2011) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.11.024 · Cited by 44
Kütük, S. G., & Arıkan, O. (2019) · Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2019.03.020 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Stolovitzky, P., Sidle, D. M., Ow, R., Nachlas, N., & Most, S. P. (2018) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.27242 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Patient-reported outcomes are an important component of measuring nasal obstruction and perhaps the most valid.(4) The most studied and validated patientreported outcome measure for nasal obstruction is the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score.”
BackgroundVirtual Surgery for the Nasal Airway
Vanhille, D. L., Garcia, G. J. M., Asan, O., Borojeni, A. A. T., Frank-Ito, D. O., Kimbell, J. S., Pawar, S. S., & Rhee, J. S. (2017) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2017.1554 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“RESULTS Our 9 study participants were all male, board-certified otolaryngologists with a mean (range) 15 (4-28) number of years in practice and amean (range) number of nasal surgeries per month at 2.”
Relation of Nasal Air Flow to Nasal Cavity Dimensions
Kjærgaard, T., Cvancarova, M., & Steinsvåg, S. (2009) · Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/archoto.2009.50 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“cant associations between the measures these 2 methods generate.(4) Knowledge”
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Evidence-based practice: functional rhinoplasty.
Cannon, D. E., & Rhee, J. (2012) · Otolaryngologic clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.otc.2012.06.007 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“It has been proposed that the different methods of assessment are capturing different aspects of the nasal airway and, therefore, may be complementary.(26) Although an ideal test of nasal patency remains elusive, it may prove to be the case in the future that a combination of testing methods with both subjective and o…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAcoustic Rhinometry and Rhinomanometry in the Preoperative Screening of Septal Surgery Patients
Pirilä, T., & Tikanto, J. (2009) · American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy · doi:10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3372 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ko, J.-H., Kuo, T. B. J., & Lee, G.-S. (2008) · American Journal of Rhinology · doi:10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3143 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Brandon, B. M., Austin, G. K., Fleischman, G. M., Basu, S., Kimbell, J. S., Shockley, W. W., & Clark, J. M. (2017) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2017.1994 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Vidigal, T. D. A., Haddad, F. L. M., Gregório, L. C., Poyares, D. R., Tufik, S. B., & Bittencourt, L. (2012) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-012-0667-5 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Mendes, A. I. S., Wandalsen, G. F., & Solé, D. (2012) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.2223/jped.2213 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Por outro lado, pacientes cronicamente obstruídos poderiam se acostumar à obstrução nasal, minimizando sua gravidade 29 .”
Keeler, J. A., & Most, S. P. (2016) · Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2016.03.008 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Peak nasal inspiratory flow is a useful measure of nasal airflow in functional septorhinoplasty
Fuller, J. C., Gadkaree, S. K., Levesque, P. A., & Lindsay, R. W. (2018) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.27566 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Alan, M. A., Kahraman, M., Yüksel, F., & Yücel, A. (2022) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-022-03151-8 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Dadgarnia, M., Meybodian, M., Karbasi, A., Baradaranfar, M., Atighechi, S., Zand, V., & Vaziribozorg, S. (2017) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-017-4664-y · Cited by 31
Assessment of Patient Satisfaction With Evaluation Methods in Open Technique Septorhinoplasty
Başer, E., Kocagöz, G. D., Çalım, Ö., Verim, A., Yılmaz, F., & Özturan, O. (2016) · The Journal of craniofacial surgery (Print) · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000002321 · Cited by 31
Repair of Lateral Wall Insufficiency
Vaezeafshar, R., Moubayed, S. P., & Most, S. P. (2017) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2017.0718 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of nasal obstruction.
Tan, B., & Lane, A. (2009) · Otolaryngologic clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.otc.2009.01.012 · Cited by 28
de Oliveira, G. M. M., Rizzo, J. Â., Camargos, P. A. M., & SARINHO, E. S. C. (2015) · Rhinology Journal · doi:10.4193/rhin14.048 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Mendes et al.(13) emphasize the fact that, although RM and RMA are the most validated methods, PNIF has been more widely used due to its low cost and easy handling.”
MethodInfluentialFunctional Outcomes of Structured Nasal Tip Refinement
Timperley, D. G., Stow, N. W., Srubiski, A., Harvey, R. J., & Marcells, G. N. (2010) · Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/archfacial.2010.57 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Cho, G. S., Kim, J. H., & Jang, Y. (2012) · Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology · doi:10.1177/000348941212100409 · Cited by 24
Nasal Airway Volume and Resistance to Airflow
Zhang, G., Solomon, P., Rival, R., Fenton, R. S., & Cole, P. (2008) · American Journal of Rhinology · doi:10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3187 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Criteria for inclusion of patients in the study were (1) 18 years of age, (2) with the complaint of nasal obstruction of at least 6 months duration, (3) absence of acute upper respiratory tract infection in the preceding 2 weeks, (4) absence of significant systemic disease, and (5) absence of nasal polyps.”
BackgroundEvaluation and Management of the Nasal Airway.
Moubayed, S. P., & Most, S. P. (2021) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.cps.2021.08.001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Verhoeven, S., & Schmelzer, B. (2016) · Rhinology · doi:10.4193/rhin15.226 · Cited by 22
“reported a median age of 46 (range 16-87) (10-12).”
BackgroundKirtsreesakul, V., Leelapong, J., & Ruttanaphol, S. (2014) · American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy · doi:10.2500/ajra.2014.28.4008 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Teti, V., Akdagli, S., & Most, S. P. (2016) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2015.2039 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Three basic methods for classifying nasal obstruction are (1) objective measures of the nasal airway; (2) patient-reported measures, such as questionnaires; and (3) physician examination and grading.”
MethodEvidence-Based Medicine: Rhinoplasty.
Lee, M. K., & Most, S. P. (2015) · Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2015.04.004 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Evidence of Nasal Cooling and Sensory Impairments Driving Patient Symptoms With Septal Deviation
Malik, J., Spector, B. M., Wu, Z.-X., Markley, J., Zhao, S.-Z., Otto, B. A., Farag, A. A., & Zhao, K. (2021) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.29673 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“staging scores, all inconsistently correlate to patients’ subjective symptoms.(4,5) For example, Mamikoglu et al(6)”
BackgroundClinical Assessment of a Nasal Decongestion Test by Visual Analog Scale in Allergic Rhinitis
Ciprandi, G., Klersy, C., Ameli, F., & Cirillo, I. (2008) · American Journal of Rhinology · doi:10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3214 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Calvo‐Henríquez, C., Capasso, R., Martínez‐Capoccioni, G., Rangel-Chaves, J., Liu, S. Y., O’Connor-Reina, C., Lechien, J. R., & Martín‐Martín, C. (2020) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110128 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Strazdins, E., Nie, Y. F., Ramli, R., Palesy, T., Christensen, J. M., Alvarado, R., Marcells, G. N., & Harvey, R. J. (2018) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2018.0001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Awake measures of nasal resistance and upper airway resistance on CPAP during sleep.
Masdeu, M., Seelall, V., Patel, A. V., Ayappa, I., & Rapoport, D. (2011) · Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.28039 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Analysis of Nasal Obstruction Patterns Following Reductive Rhinoplasty
Okland, T. S., Kandathil, C. K., Sanan, A., Rudy, S. F., & Most, S. P. (2019) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-019-01484-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cigarette smoking and self-assessed upper airway health
Kjærgaard, T., Cvancarova, M., & Steinsvåg, S. (2011) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-010-1287-y · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“, nasal obstruction [49, 50] and smell perception [51].”
BackgroundEvolution of the butterfly graft technique: 15‐year review of 500 cases with expanding indications
Howard, B. E., & Clark, J. M. (2019) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.27776 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
An Overview of Computational Fluid Dynamics Preoperative Analysis of the Nasal Airway
Xavier, R., Menger, D. J., Carvalho, H. C., & Spratley, J. E. F. (2021) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1722956 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Assessment of Septoplasty Effectiveness using Acoustic Rhinometry and Rhinomanometry
Dadgarnia, M., Baradaranfar, M., Mazidi, M., & Meibodi, S. M. R. A. (2013) · Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.22038/ijorl.2013.305 · Cited by 17
Wandalsen, G. F., Mendes, A. I. S., & Solé, D. (2012) · Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.5935/1808-8694.20120038 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A Bioabsorbable Lateral Nasal Wall Stent for Dynamic Nasal Valve Collapse: A Review.
Sanan, A., & Most, S. P. (2019) · Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2019.04.001 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Datema, F. R., van Zijl, F. V. W. J., van der Poel, E. F., de Jong, R. J. B., & Lohuis, P. J. (2017) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000003701 · Cited by 16
Association of Mental Health Status With Perception of Nasal Function
Strazdins, E., Nie, Y. F., Ramli, R., Palesy, T., Christensen, J. M., Marcells, G. N., & Harvey, R. J. (2017) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2017.0459 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Comparing Methods for Repair of the External Valve
Most, S. P. (2015) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2015.0790 · Cited by 16
Haddad, F. L. M., Vidigal, T. D. A., Mello-Fujita, L., Cintra, F. D., Gregório, L. C., Tufik, S. B., & Bittencourt, L. (2013) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-013-0824-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Acoustic rhinometry has been used to compare different treatments for the same patient [22].”
BackgroundMethodNasal Patency by Rhinomanometry in Patients with Sensation of Nasal Obstruction
Çanakçıoğlu, S., Tahamiler, R., Saritzali, G., Isildak, H., & Alimoglu, Y. (2009) · American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy · doi:10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3312 · Cited by 16
Skirko, J. R., James, K. T., Shusterman, D. J., & Weaver, E. M. (2020) · JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0261 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationRegional Peak Mucosal Cooling Predicts Radiofrequency Treatment Outcomes of Nasal Valve Obstruction
Wu, Z., Krebs, J. P., Spector, B. M., Otto, B. A., Zhao, K., & Farag, A. A. (2020) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.29223 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Objective measurements, such as rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, endoscopic examination, often poorly or inconsistently correlate with patient perceptions.(45,46) Without validated objective clinical tools, the current diagnosis and treatment of all nasal obstruction symptoms are based mostly on subjective opinion…”
BackgroundClinical recognition of mouth breathers by orthodontists: A preliminary study
Costa, J. G., Costa, G. S., Costa, C., Vilella, O. D. V., Mattos, C. T., & Cury-Saramago, A. D. A. (2017) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.03.025 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Since the gold standard for breathing status evaluation has not yet been determined, subjective assessment is important,(50) and evaluations with different tools, such as anatomic, physiologic, and subjective nasal measures, may reflect the multidimensional feeling of nasal obstruction and provide complementary inform…”
BackgroundLara-Sánchez, H., Nuño, C. Á., Sañudo, E. G., Iscar, A., & Valdezate, L. A. V. (2017) · doi:10.1016/j.otoeng.2016.06.003 · Cited by 14
Reproducibility of Acoustic Rhinometry in the Investigation of Occupational Rhinitis
Castaño, R., Theriault, G. P., Gautrin, D., Ghezzo, H., Trudeau, C., & Malo, J. (2007) · American Journal of Rhinology · doi:10.2500/ajr.2007.21.3039 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Predictors of oronasal breathing among obstructive sleep apnea patients and controls.
Nascimento, J., Genta, P., Fernandes, P. H. S., Barroso, L., Carvalho, T., Moriya, H., Madeiro, F., Lorenzi-Filho, G., & Nakagawa, N. (2019) · Journal of applied physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00964.2018 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“This observation is to some extent in line with the literature that showed poor correlation between the perception of nasal obstruction and the objective measurement of nasal patency (19, 28).”
BackgroundResultThe nasal vestibular body: anatomy, clinical features, and treatment considerations
Locketz, G. D., Teo, N., Walgama, E., Humphreys, I., & Nayak, J. (2016) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-015-3868-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Testing to quantify nasal obstruction using acoustic rhinometry [1, 2], peak nasal inspiratory flow [3, 4], and validated questionnaires [5, 6] can aid in the diagnosis and assessment of treatment alternatives, but strong correlation between these objective measures and the subjective sense of nasal obstruction is oft…”
MethodManaging nasal valve compromise patients with nasal dilators: objective vs. subjective parameters
Lekakis, G., Dekimpe, E., Steelant, B., & Steelant, P. W. (2016) · Rhinology Journal · doi:10.4193/rhin16.192 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Although these tests were considered the most favored objective tests to measure nasal patency, studies regarding their validity are equivocal(32,33).”
BackgroundThe Nasal Airway: A Critical Review
Wever, C. C. (2016) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0035-1570323 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Determinants and Evaluation of Nasal Airflow Perception
Hur, K., Zhao, K., Leopold, D. A., Wrobel, B., & Shen, J. (2017) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1603788 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lara-Sánchez, H., Nuño, C. Á., Sañudo, E. G.-C., Íscar, A. M., & Vallejo-Valdezate, L. A. (2017) · Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española · doi:10.1016/j.otorri.2016.06.007 · Cited by 10
Haavisto, L., Vahlberg, T., & Sipilä, J. (2011) · Clinical Otolaryngology · doi:10.1111/j.1749-4486.2011.02292.x · Cited by 10
A CFD approach to understand nasoseptal perforations
Burgos, M. A., Sanmiguel‐Rojas, E., Rodríguez, R. S., & Esteban‐Ortega, F. (2018) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-018-5073-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Functional and aesthetic outcomes of spreader graft and auto-spreader flap after nasal hump removal
Naguib, M., Ahmed, M., Madian, Y., Elnahriry, T., & Eldeeb, W. (2020) · The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1186/s43163-020-00058-6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nasal Patency and the Aerodynamics of Nasal Airflow in Relation to Olfactory Function
Zhao, K., & Frye, R. E. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118971758.ch16 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Validity of Acoustic Rhinometry in the Evaluation of Patients With Adenoid Hypertrophy
Uyar, M., Tekat, A., Koyuncu, M., Ünal, R., Şeşen, T., & Tanyeri, Y. (2014) · The Journal of craniofacial surgery (Print) · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000000882 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Thus, there is a need to an objective and repeatable noninvazive method in children for the evaluation of nasal obstruction.(14,15) The adenoid tissue is a part of the Waldeyer ring and, in the form of small lymphoid structures, is located in the nasopharyngeal”
MethodPatient-Reported Outcomes Measures in Rhinoplasty: Need for Use and Implementation
Warinner, C. B., Loyo, M., Gu, J., Wamkpah, N., Chi, J., & Lindsay, R. (2023) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1769806 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Barbarite, E., Gadkaree, S. K., Melchionna, S., Zwicker, D., & Lindsay, R. W. (2021) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000008328 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Validation of a Septoplasty Deformity Grading System for the Evaluation of Nasal Obstruction
Gu, J. T., Kaplan, S., Greenfield, S., Calloway, H. E., & Wong, B. (2018) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.27365 · Cited by 7
“A lack of correlation between our SDG data and the preoperative NOSE data is similar to the evidence from previous studies examining the relationship between objective and subjective measures of nasal obstruction, and therefore should come as no surprise.(3,4,6,23,28,29) Nonetheless, this may also indicate that our SD…”
BackgroundResultNouraei, S., Virk, J., Kanona, H., Zatoński, M., Koury, E., & Chatrath, P. (2016) · Clinical Otolaryngology · doi:10.1111/coa.12510 · Cited by 7
Haddad, F., Vidigal, T., Mello-Fujita, L., Cintra, F., Gregório, L. C., Tufik, S., & Bittencourt, L. (2015) · Sleep and Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-014-0970-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“One is the difficulty in determining an ideal method for the evaluation of nasal function [10].”
MethodThe use of automatic speech recognition showing the influence of nasality on speech intelligibility
Mayr, S., Burkhardt, K., Schuster, M. E., Rogler, K., Maier, A., & Iro, H. (2010) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-010-1256-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Studies on nasal flow and the percentage of laminar and turbulent nasal flow have been carried out using various models [44–46].”
MethodRelationship between Clinical and Polysomnography Measures Corrected for CPAP Use
Kirkham, E., Heckbert, S., & Weaver, E. M. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (JCSM) · doi:10.5664/jcsm.5192 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The same is true for objec-tive and subjective measures of nasal breathing 28 and sinusitis.”
Self-citationVisconti, P., Saranz, R. J., Lozano, N. A., Alegre, G., Robredo, P., Ramello, M. S., Sasia, L. V., & Lozano, A. (2021) · Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria · doi:10.5546/aap.2021.eng.331 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“4 The left end (0) indicated the absence of NO and the right end (10), the worst NO severity.”
BackgroundZygomaticomaxillary Complex–Orbit Fracture Alignment
Shikara, M., Vakharia, K. T., & Greywoode, J. D. (2018) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2018.0411 · Cited by 5
Motta, A., Bommarito, S., & Chiari, B. M. (2010) · doi:10.1590/s1516-80342010000400023 · Cited by 5
“Além de se tratar de uma medida instantânea((7)), a avaliação só abrange a inspiração((3)), sendo consideradas as duas narinas simultaneamente, o que não reflete a alternância na resistência nasal durante a respiração((9)).”
InfluentialAydın, E., Hızal, E., Onay, O., Ozgen, B., Turhan, B., Zaimoğlu, M., Peşkircioğlu, L., & Budakoğlu, I. (2008) · American Journal of Rhinology · doi:10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3169 · Cited by 5
Yan, X., Weise, S., Zhao, K., Kim, K., & Hummel, T. R. (2023) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-023-08126-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“It has been tried to correlate these objective and patient-reported measures in several studies; however, a few studies indicate strong statistical correlations [10, 11].”
ResultAccuracy of peak nasal flow to determine nasal obstruction in patients with allergic rhinitis
de Oliveira, G. M. M., Correia, M. A. D. V., Costa, E. C., Lira, G. V. D. A. G., Rizzo, J. Â., Hunter, S., Gaua, N., & SARINHO, E. S. C. (2022) · Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica · doi:10.14639/0392-100x-n1617 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Effects of Acute Alcohol Intake on Nasal Patency
Deng, Y., Wang, C., Shen, S., Yang, X., Lou, H., & Zhang, L. (2021) · American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy · doi:10.1177/19458924211062322 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry) may correlate poorly with patients’ subjective symptoms.(13,14) On the basis of daily experience, acute alcohol consumption may be related to the sensation of nasal obstruction, but objective evidence remains poor.”
BackgroundThe Use of Infrared Thermal Imaging to Determine Functional Nasal Adequacy: A Pilot Study
Jiang, S. T., Chan, J., & Stupak, H. D. (2021) · OTO Open · doi:10.1177/2473974x211045958 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kaura, A., Pendolino, A., Navaratnam, A., Andrews, P., & Leung, T. (2021) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.29597 · Cited by 4
“Comparisons with Other Studies Similar to our findings in unilateral NIPF and MCA1 measurements, a study based on bilateral NIPF and MCA1 concluded that these two measurements did not have significant correlation (n = 290), which the authors found “particularly surprising”.(25) A much larger scale study (n = 2,523),”
ResultLateral Wall Insufficiency Severity and Patient-Reported Nasal Obstruction Measures
Kandathil, C., Rudy, S. F., Moubayed, S. P., & Most, S. P. (2018) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2018.0216 · Cited by 4
- Authors
- Lam, D. J., James, K. T., & Weaver, E. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Rhinology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 463-470
- ISSN
- 1050-6586 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-6290
- OpenAlex
- W1988913533
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Rhinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL068849)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (T32DC000018)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (F32DE017268)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Sinusitis and nasal conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- nasal airway, acoustic rhinometry, nasal obstruction, visual analogue scale, minimum cross-sectional area, nasal cavity volume, subjective and objective measures
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Airway Resistance, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nasal Cavity, Nose, Pain Measurement, Posture, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Pulmonary Ventilation, Cohort Studies, Nasal Obstruction, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Supine Position, Age Distribution, Rhinometry, Acoustic
About these checks
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