The central melanocortin system and the regulation of energy balance

Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue

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Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice

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Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus

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Gut hormone PYY3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake

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Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein

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Clinical Spectrum of Obesity and Mutations in the Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene

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Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans

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The Distribution and Mechanism of Action of Ghrelin in the CNS Demonstrates a Novel Hypothalamic Circuit Regulating Energy Homeostasis

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Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system

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Hypothalamic mTOR Signaling Regulates Food Intake

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Trophic Action of Leptin on Hypothalamic Neurons That Regulate Feeding

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Localization of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) in neuroendocrine and autonomic control circuits in the brain

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Obesity and impaired prohormone processing associated with mutations in the human prohormone convertase 1 gene

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The Pathophysiologic Roles of Interleukin-6 in Human Disease

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NPY/AgRP Neurons Are Essential for Feeding in Adult Mice but Can Be Ablated in Neonates

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Divergence of Melanocortin Pathways in the Control of Food Intake and Energy Expenditure

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Rapid Rewiring of Arcuate Nucleus Feeding Circuits by Leptin

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Leptin receptor signaling in POMC neurons is required for normal body weight homeostasis

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Leptin Differentially Regulates NPY and POMC Neurons Projecting to the Lateral Hypothalamic Area

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Leptin Increases Hypothalamic Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA Expression in the Rostral Arcuate Nucleus

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Agouti-related peptide–expressing neurons are mandatory for feeding

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The neuropeptide Y/agouti gene-related protein (AGRP) brain circuitry in normal, anorectic, and monosodium glutamate-treated mice

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Proopiomelanocortin Neurons Are Direct Targets for Leptin in the Hypothalamus

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Leptin Receptor Immunoreactivity in Chemically Defined Target Neurons of the Hypothalamus

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Identification of a receptor for gamma melanotropin and other proopiomelanocortin peptides in the hypothalamus and limbic system.

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A Unique Metalolic Sysdrone Causes Obesity in the Melanocortin-3 Receptor-Deficient Mouse

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Hypothalamic expression of ART, a novel gene related to agouti, is up-regulated in obese and diabetic mutant mice.Preprint

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Orexigenic Action of Peripheral Ghrelin Is Mediated by Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-Related Protein

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Integration of NPY, AGRP, and Melanocortin Signals in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus

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The arcuate nucleus as a conduit for diverse signals relevant to energy homeostasis

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PC1 and PC2 are proprotein convertases capable of cleaving proopiomelanocortin at distinct pairs of basic residues.

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Response of melanocortin–4 receptor–deficient mice to anorectic and orexigenic peptides

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Proopiomelanocortin Processing in the Pituitary, Central Nervous System, and Peripheral Tissues

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Exocrine Gland Dysfunction in MC5-R-Deficient Mice: Evidence for Coordinated Regulation of Exocrine Gland Function by Melanocortin Peptides

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Hypothalamic sensing of fatty acids

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Several Mutations in the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Gene Including a Nonsense and a Frameshift Mutation Associated with Dominantly Inherited Obesity in Humans

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Regulation of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin mRNA by leptin in ob/ob mice

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A major quantitative trait locus determining serum leptin levels and fat mass is located on human chromosome 2

Comuzzie, A. G., Hixson, J. E., Almasy, L. A., Mitchell, B. D., Mahaney, M. C., Dyer, T. D., D, M. P. S. M., MacCluer, J. W., & Blangero, J. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0397-273 · Cited by 433 · see citing works

Neither Agouti-Related Protein nor Neuropeptide Y Is Critically Required for the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis in Mice

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Serotonin Reciprocally Regulates Melanocortin Neurons to Modulate Food Intake

Heisler, L. K., Jobst, E. E., Sutton, G. M., Zhou, L., Borók, E., Thornton-Jones, Z. D., Liu, H. Y., Zigman, J. M., Balthasar, N., Kishi, T., et al. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.06.004 · Cited by 428 · see citing works

Anatomy of an Endogenous Antagonist: Relationship between Agouti-Related Protein and Proopiomelanocortin in Brain

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The Catabolic Action of Insulin in the Brain Is Mediated by Melanocortins

Benoit, S. C., Air, E. L., Coolen, L. M., Strauss, R., Jackman, A., Clegg, D. J., Seeley, R. J., & Woods, S. C. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-20-09048.2002 · Cited by 417 · see citing works

Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Is Inhibited by Leptin and Stimulated by Fasting*

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Central melanocortin receptors regulate insulin action

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Central melanocortin receptors regulate insulin action

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A genome-wide scan for human obesity genes reveals a major susceptibility locus on chromosome 10

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Small-intestinal dysfunction accompanies the complex endocrinopathy of human proprotein convertase 1 deficiency

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Interactions between the melanocortin system and leptin in control of sympathetic nerve traffic

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Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin Neurons Are Glucose Responsive and Express KATPChannels

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Melanocortin-4 receptor is required for acute homeostatic responses to increased dietary fat

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Role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in regulation of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin gene expression by leptin

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α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is contained in nerve terminals innervating thyrotropin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and prevents fasting-induced suppression of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression

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Obesity Due to Proopiomelanocortin Deficiency: Three New Cases and Treatment Trials with Thyroid Hormone and ACTH4–10

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Pro-opiomelanocortin processing in the hypothalamus: impact on melanocortin signalling and obesity

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The Central Melanocortin System Can Directly Regulate Serum Insulin Levels*

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Role of the central melanocortin system in cachexia.

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A missense mutation disrupting a dibasic prohormone processing site in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) increases susceptibility to early-onset obesity through a novel molecular mechanism

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Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibits the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B activation induced by various inflammatory agents.

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Mutations in the human melanocortin-4 receptor gene associated with severe familial obesity disrupts receptor function through multiple molecular mechanisms

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Melanocortin 4 Receptor Mutations in a Large Cohort of Severely Obese Adults: Prevalence, Functional Classification, Genotype-Phenotype Relationship, and Lack of Association with Binge Eating

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Postembryonic ablation of AgRP neurons in mice leads to a lean, hypophagic phenotype

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Constitutive activity of the melanocortin-4 receptor is maintained by its N-terminal domain and plays a role in energy homeostasis in humans

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Proopiomelanocortin and Energy Balance: Insights from Human and Murine Genetics

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Leptin and Insulin Action in the Central Nervous System

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Effect of Sex Steroids on β-Endorphin in Hypophyseal Portal Blood*

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Distribution of cDNA for melanocortin receptor subtypes in human tissues.

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Post-Translational Processing of Proopiomelanocortin in the Pituitary and in the Brain

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Effects of Hypothalamic Neurodegeneration on Energy Balance

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Effects of Acute and Chronic Administration of the Melanocortin Agonist MTII in Mice With Diet-Induced Obesity

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Leptin increases hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA expression in the rostral arcuate nucleus

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Induction of Skin Tanning by Subcutaneous Administration of a Potent Synthetic Melanotropin

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Physiological and Anatomical Circuitry between Agouti-Related Protein and Leptin Signaling

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Characterization of melanocortin receptor subtype expression in murine adipose tissues and in the 3T3-L1 cell line.

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Pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides induce IL-10 production in human monocytes

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Satiety effect and sympathetic activation of leptin are mediated by hypothalamic melanocortin system

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A Role for the Endogenous Opioid β-Endorphin in Energy Homeostasis

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Hypothalamic Melanocortin Regulation of Energy Balance and Metabolism

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