Cited by 2,715Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesLearning Styles and Cognitive DifferencesInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Reconsidering Research on Learning from Media

Clark, Richard E.·1983·Review of Educational Research

DOI 10.3102/00346543053004445

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Recent meta-analyses and other studies of media's influence on learning are reviewed. Consistent evidence is found for the generalization that there are no learning benefits to be gained from employing any specific medium to deliver instruction. Research showing performance or time-saving gains from one or another medium are shown to be vulnerable to compelling rival hypotheses concerning the uncontrolled effects of instructional method and novelty. Problems with current media attribute and symbol system theories are described and suggestions made for more promising research directions.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3102/00346543053004445

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,421
Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research
GLASS, G. V. (1976) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x005010003 · Cited by 4,890
The educational researcher
Sæverot, H. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003193463-8 · Cited by 3,090
The Handbook of Research on Teaching
Ryans, D. G., & Gage, N. L. (1962) · Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1177/002248716201300121 · Cited by 1,975
“GOOD‐BYE, TEACHER …”1
Keller, F. S. (1968) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1968.1-79 · Cited by 1,210
Interaction of Media, Cognition, and Learning
Salomon, G. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203052945 · Cited by 765
Experiments on Mass Communication
Hovland, C. I., & Lumsdaine, A. A. (2017) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400886807 · Cited by 597
Aptitude, Learning, and Instruction
(2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003163145 · Cited by 559

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 37 references

Research works printed but not linked: 12

BovyRADefining the psychologically active features of instructional treatments designed to facilitate cue attendance1983AprilPaper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research AssociationMontreal
CohenJStatistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences1977Rev edNew YorkAcademic Press
HovlandCLumsdaineAASheffieldFExperiments on mass communication1949Princeton, N.J.Princeton University Press
LevieWHDickieKTraversRThe analysis and application of mediaThe second handbook of research on teaching1973ChicagoRand McNally
LumsdaineAGageNInstruments and media of instructionHandbook of research on teaching1963ChicagoRand McNally
MielkeKQuestioning the questions of ETV researchEducational Broadcasting Review19682615
MielkeKCommentaryEducational Communications and Technology Journal19802816669
10.1177/016146817407500506 · DOI
RosenshineBTeacher behaviors and student achievement1971LondonNational Foundation for Educational Research in England and Wales
SalomonGInteraction of media, cognition and learning1979San FranciscoJossey Bass
ShuellTJSnowREFedericoPMontigueWLearning theory, instructional theory and adaptionAptitude, learning and instruction19802Hillsdale, N.J.Lawrence Erlbaum
ThorndikeELEducation1912New YorkMacmillan

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 1,001

Perception Engineering Learning With Virtual Reality
Bohné, T., Heine, I., Gürerk, Ö., Rieger, C., Kemmer, L., & Cao, L. Y. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2021.3107407 · Cited by 37
Students’ perception of online learning amidst the Covid-19 pandemic: A study of junior, senior high school and college students in a remote area
Harefa, S., & Sihombing, G. L. A. (2021) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.52152.1 · Cited by 36
On Dynamic Geometry Software in the regular classroom
Gawlick, T. (2002) · ZDM · doi:10.1007/bf02655711 · Cited by 36
Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) and Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL): Past Dilemmas and Future Prospects for Audible CALL
DUNKEL, P. A. (1987) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1987.tb00364.x · Cited by 36
Evaluating interactive technologies for learning
Atkins, M. (1993) · Journal of Curriculum Studies · doi:10.1080/0022027930250403 · Cited by 36
Motivational and Achievement Effects of Learner Control over Content Review within CAI
Kinzie, M. B., Sullivan, H. J., & Berdel, R. L. (1992) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/2ewh-j2f1-ck87-09nr · Cited by 36
The Phenomenon of On‐Line Learning
Curran, C. (2001) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/1467-3435.00055 · Cited by 36
Computer Environments for Learning Geometry
Clements, D. H., & Battista, M. T. (1994) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/8074-298a-ktl2-uqvw · Cited by 35
The Role of Relatedness in the Motivation and Vitality of University Students in Online Classes During Social Distancing
Sieber, V., Köhler, C., Christ, A. A., Helbling, J., & Praetorius, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702323 · Cited by 41
Social networks and gamification in physical education: A case study
Montiel-Ruiz, F. J., Vera, M. D. M. S., & Fernández, I. M. S. (2022) · Contemporary Educational Technology · doi:10.30935/cedtech/12660 · Cited by 35
Distance learning in elementary schools in Cyprus: the evaluation methodology and results
Αναστασιάδης, Π. (2002) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/s0360-1315(02)00077-5 · Cited by 35
Engaging Electronically: Using CMC to Develop Students’ Argumentation Skills in Higher Education
Coffin, C., & Hewings, A. (2005) · Language and Education · doi:10.1080/09500780508668803 · Cited by 35
Using Instructional Technology to Improve Preservice Teachers’ Knowledge of Phonological Awareness
Driver, M. K., Pullen, P. C., Kennedy, M. J., Williams, M. C., & Ely, E. (2014) · Teacher Education and Special Education The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/0888406414537902 · Cited by 35
Current Trends in Educational Technology Research
Mihalca, L., & Miclea, M. (2007) · Cognitie, Creier, Comportament · Cited by 35
Technology and the Great Pendulum of Education
Mellon, C. A. (1999) · Journal of Research on Computing in Education · doi:10.1080/08886504.1999.10782267 · Cited by 35
Moving from computer literate to technologically compotent: The next educational reform
Lowther, D. L., Bassoppo-Moyo, T. C., & Morrison, G. R. (1998) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(97)00034-4 · Cited by 35
Developing and validating science education videodiscs
Hofmeister, A. M., Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. W. (1989) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.3660260803 · Cited by 35
Rethinking the effectiveness measures of decision support systems
Udo, G. G. (1992) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/0378-7206(92)90066-o · Cited by 35
Augmented reality interactive experiences for multi-level chemistry understanding
Olim, S. C., Nisi, V., & Romão, T. (2024) · International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1016/j.ijcci.2024.100681 · Cited by 34
A Comparison of Learning Outcomes in Culinary Education: Recorded Video vs. Live Demonstration
Brown, J. N., Mao, Z., & Chesser, J. W. (2013) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education · doi:10.1080/10963758.2013.826940 · Cited by 34
How Debriefing Strategies Can Improve Student Motivation and Self-Efficacy in Game-Based Learning
Uz-Bilgin, C., Baek, Y., & Park, H. (2015) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/0735633115598496 · Cited by 34
Content not form predicts oral language comprehension: the influence of the medium on preschoolers’ story understanding
Neuman, S. B., Wong, K. M., & Kaefer, T. (2017) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-017-9750-4 · Cited by 37
Impact of a pre-laboratory organic-extraction simulation on comprehension and attitudes of undergraduate chemistry students
Supasorn, S., Suits, J. P., Jones, L. L., & Vibuljan, S. (2008) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/b806234j · Cited by 34
Introduction
Peraya, D., Viens, J., & Karsenti, T. P. (2002) · Revue des sciences de l éducation · doi:10.7202/007353ar · Cited by 34
Knowledge Acquisition and Technology-Supported Projects in the Social Studies for Students with Learning Disabilities
Okolo, C. M., & Ferretti, R. P. (1996) · Journal of Special Education Technology · doi:10.1177/016264349601300204 · Cited by 34
Research on the effectiveness of computer-based instruction: A review
Hasselbring, T. S. (1986) · International Review of Education · doi:10.1007/bf02426065 · Cited by 34
Retracted: The Impact of AI on Teacher Roles and Pedagogy in the 21st Century Classroom
Taufikin, M. S. I., Supaat, S., Azifah, N., Nikmah, F., Kuanr, J., & Parminder (2024) · International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Communication Systems (ICKECS) · doi:10.1109/ickecs61492.2024.10617236 · Cited by 33
Retracted
The Impact of Web-Based Video Lectures on Learning in Nursing Education: An Integrative Review
Wolf, A. B. (2018) · Nursing Education Perspectives · doi:10.1097/01.nep.0000000000000389 · Cited by 33
Panoramic video in education: A systematic literature review from 2011 to 2021
Li, W., Li, Q., Feng, Q., & Luo, H. (2022) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12730 · Cited by 34
Teachers’ preferences for online professional development: Evidence from a discrete choice experiment
Ansyari, M. F., Groot, W., & Witte, K. D. (2022) · Teaching and Teacher Education : An International Journal of Research and Studies · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2022.103870 · Cited by 25
Implications of instructional psychology for the design of educational television
Kozma, R. (1986) · ECTJ · doi:10.1007/bf02768358 · Cited by 33
Five Assumptions on Blended Learning: What Is Important to Make Blended Learning a Successful Concept?
Launer, R. (2010) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14657-2_2 · Cited by 33
An assessment of the learning benefits of using a Web-based Learning Environment when teaching accounting
Basioudis, I. G., & Lange, P. D. (2009) · Advances in Accounting · doi:10.1016/j.adiac.2009.02.008 · Cited by 33
Effects of computer assisted learning on students achievements in Turkey : A meta-analysis
Dinçer, S. (2015) · Journal of Turkish Science Education · doi:10.12973/tused.10136a · Cited by 33
Complexities in the evaluation of distance education and virtual schooling
Vrasidas, C., Zembylas, M., & Chamberlain, C. R. (2003) · Educational Media International · doi:10.1080/0952398032000113112 · Cited by 33
Multiple Perspectives on Multimedia in the Large Lecture
Pippert, T. D., & Moore, H. A. (1999) · Teaching Sociology · doi:10.2307/1318697 · Cited by 33
Sexuality Education for Health Care Professionals: A Critical Review of the Literature
Weerakoon, P. K., & Stiernborg, M. (1996) · Annual Review of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/10532528.1996.10559913 · Cited by 33
The effectiveness of a computer‐assisted instruction package in high school chemistry
Wainwright, C. L. (1989) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.3660260402 · Cited by 33
Instructors' self -perceived pedagogical principle implementation in the online environment
Zhang, J. (2006) · doi:10.33915/etd.2712 · Cited by 33
What makes tablet‐based learning effective? A study of the role of real‐time adaptive feedback
Colliot, T., Krichen, O., Girard, N., Anquetil, É., & Jamet, É. (2024) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.13439 · Cited by 32
Effects of exergames on student physical education learning in the context of the artificial intelligence era: a meta-analysis
Zhao, M., Lu, X., Zhang, Q., Zhao, R., Wu, B., Huang, S., & Li, S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57357-8 · Cited by 32
Debate as a Teaching Strategy in Online Education: A Case Study
Park, C., Kier, C. A., & Jugdev, K. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology · doi:10.21432/t2fw2r · Cited by 32
How to augment the learning impact of computer simulations? The designs and effects of interactivity and scaffolding
Chang, H. (2016) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2016.1250222 · Cited by 32
The Great Media Debate and TPACK: A Multidisciplinary Examination of the Role of Technology in Teaching and Learning
Sickel, J. L. (2019) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2018.1564895 · Cited by 32
Knowledge Work Through Social Media Applications: Team Performance Implications of Immersive Virtual Worlds
Nissen, M. E., & Bergin, R. D. (2012) · Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce · doi:10.1080/10919392.2013.748612 · Cited by 32
Understanding Cognitive Engagement in Online Discussion: Use of a Scaffolded, Audio-based Argumentation Activity
Oh, E. G., & Kim, H. S. (2016) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v17i5.2456 · Cited by 32
Incorporating Learning Characteristics into an Intelligent Tutor
Kelly, D., & Tangney, B. (2002) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-47987-2_73 · Cited by 32
Effects of Overviews and Computer Experience on Learning from Hypertext
Brinkerhoff, J. D., Klein, J. D., & Koroghlanian, C. M. (2001) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/0fe0-gath-tbah-xdkc · Cited by 32
Delivery trucks or groceries? More food for thought on whether media (will, may, can't) influence learning
Ross, S. M. (1994) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/bf02299086 · Cited by 32
^The^ costs of open learning: a handbook
Hülsmann, T. (2000) · Carl von Ossiezky University of Oldenburg · Cited by 32
Students as multimedia composers
Hay, K. E., Guzdal, M., Jackson, S. L., Boyle, R. A., & Soloway, E. M. (1994) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/0360-1315(94)90019-1 · Cited by 32
Evaluation of computer-based learning in higher education
Wills, S., & McNaught, C. (1996) · Journal of Computing in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/bf02948597 · Cited by 32
Case studies: Integrating the use of web based learning systems into student learning
Housego, S., & Freeman, M. (2000) · Australasian Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.14742/ajet.1840 · Cited by 32
Tablets for teaching and learning: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Tamim, R., Borokhovski, E., Pickup, D., Bernard, R. M., & Saadi, L. E. (2015) · Commonwealth of Learning · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.3670.5042 · Cited by 31
Designing Social Robot for Adults Using Self-Determination Theory and AI Technologies
Lu, Y., Chen, C., Chen, P., & Yu, S. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2023.3250465 · Cited by 33
Technology-Enhanced Learning in the Education of Oncology Medical Professionals: A Systematic Literature Review
Kulaksız, T., Steinbacher, J., & Kalz, M. (2023) · Journal of Cancer Education · doi:10.1007/s13187-023-02329-1 · Cited by 31
Effectiveness of Science-Technology-Society (STS) approach on students’ learning outcomes in science education: Evidence from a meta-analysis
Acut, D. P., & Antonio, R. P. (2023) · Journal of Technology and Science Education · doi:10.3926/jotse.2151 · Cited by 33
Unlocking Augmented Reality Learning Design Based on Evidence From Empirical Cognitive Load Studies—A Systematic Literature Review
Gonnermann-Müller, J., & Krüger, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.13095 · Cited by 31
Myths about Learning
Bruyckere, P. D., Kirschner, P. A., & Hulshof, C. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801537-7.00003-2 · Cited by 34
Psychosocial factors impacting STEM career selection
Lamb, R. L., Annetta, L. A., Vallett, D., Firestone, J. B., Schmitter‐Edgecombe, M., Walker, H., Deviller, N., & Hoston, D. (2017) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.2017.1295359 · Cited by 31
What's wrong with media comparison studies?
Surry, D. W., & Ensminger, D. C. (2001) · Educational Technology archive · Cited by 31
Promotion and prevention orientations in the choice to attend lectures or watch them online
Bassili, J. N. (2006) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2729.2006.00192.x · Cited by 31
The use of a cognitive tutoring system in the improvement of the abstract reasoning component of word problem solving
Wheeler, J. L., & Regian, J. W. (1999) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(99)00021-7 · Cited by 31
Blended Delivery Strategies for Competency-Based Training
Holton, E. F., Coco, M. L., Lowe, J. L., & Dutsch, J. V. (2006) · Advances in Developing Human Resources · doi:10.1177/1523422305286153 · Cited by 33
Learner Control and e-Learning: Taking Stock and Moving Forward
Brown, K. G., Howardson, G. N., & Fisher, S. L. (2016) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062344 · Cited by 35
Technology-supported collaborative concept maps in classrooms
İslim, Ö. F. (2017) · Active Learning in Higher Education · doi:10.1177/1469787417723231 · Cited by 31
Recommendations for teaching in a distributed learning environment: The students’ perspective
Lefoe, G. E., Gunn, C., & Hedberg, J. G. (2002) · Australasian Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.14742/ajet.1746 · Cited by 31
The Importance of Treatment Explication: A Reply to J. Kulik, C-L. Kulik and R. Bangert-Drowns
Clark, R. E. (1985) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/7dg9-3rc3-1e48-mvcc · Cited by 31
Self-citation
Effectiveness of Computer Application to Instruction with Mildly Handicapped Learners
Lieber, J. A., & Semmel, M. I. (1985) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/074193258500600503 · Cited by 31
Science Education
Linn, M. C., Gerard, L. F., Matuk, C. F., & McElhaney, K. W. (2016) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x16680788 · Cited by 36
Effects of Using Immersive Media on the Effectiveness of Training to Prevent Ergonomics Risks
Diego-Más, J. A., Alcaide-Marzal, J., & Poveda-Bautista, R. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072592 · Cited by 30
Active versus Passive Strategy in Online Creativity Training: How to Best Promote Creativity of Students with Different Cognitive Styles?
Gu, X., Tan, Y., Wu, X., Cai, Z., Lai, Q., Cheng, M., & Zhao, Q. (2022) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101021 · Cited by 30
Examining the Effects of Technology Attributes on Learning: A Contingency Perspective
Nicholson, J. A., Nicholson, D. B., & Valacich, J. S. (2008) · Journal of Information Technology Education Research · doi:10.28945/185 · Cited by 30
A different kind of difference: theoretical implications of using technology to overcome separation in remote laboratories
Lindsay, E. D., Naidu, S., & Good, M. C. (2007) · Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) · Cited by 30
Elements of Effective E-Learning: Three Design Methods to Minimize Side Effects of Online Courses
Howell, D. D. (2001) · College Teaching · doi:10.1080/87567550109595855 · Cited by 30
Considerations of Learning and Learning Research: Revisiting the "Media Effects" Debate
Nathan, M. J., & Robinson, C. D. (2001) · The Journal of Interactive Learning Research · Cited by 30
Evaluating multimedia applications
Yıldız, R., & Atkins, M. J. (1993) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/0360-1315(93)90056-o · Cited by 30
Mathematics achievement and orientation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of education technology
Rakes, C. R., Ronau, R. N., Bush, S. B., Driskell, S. O. S., Niess, M. L., & Pugalee, D. (2020) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100337 · Cited by 30
Focused self-explanation prompts and segmenting foster pre-service teachers’ professional vision - but only during training!
Martin, M., Farrell, M., Seidel, T., Rieß, W., Könings, K. D., van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Renkl, A. (2022) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-022-00331-z · Cited by 34
Role models and student attitudes toward nontraditional careers
Savenye, W. C. (1990) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/bf02298177 · Cited by 29
The Resonance Factor: Probing the Impact of Video on Student Retention in Distance Learning
Geri, N. (2012) · Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning · doi:10.28945/1629 · Cited by 29
A theoretical framework for research on learning from graphics
Winn, W. D. (1990) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/0883-0355(90)90025-4 · Cited by 29
Research Methods and Types of Evidence for Research in Educational Technology
Winn, W. D. (2003) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1026131416764 · Cited by 29
Technology Innovations and the Development of Distance Education: Korean experience
Jung, I. (2000) · Open Learning The Journal of Open Distance and e-Learning · doi:10.1080/713688402 · Cited by 29
Learning from television and books: A dutch replication study based on salomon's model
Beentjes, J. W. J. (1989) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/bf02298289 · Cited by 29
Applying the Activity Theory framework to analyse the use of ePortfolios in an International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Sciences classroom: A longitudinal multiple-case study
Kwong, C., & Churchill, D. (2023) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104792 · Cited by 28
Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning
Shohel, M. M. C., Shams, S., Ashrafuzzaman, M., Alam, A. S., Mamun, M. A. A., & Kabir, M. M. (2022) · Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8402-6.ch011 · Cited by 29
Online Laboratories in Engineering Education Research and Practice
May, D., Alves, G. R., Kist, A. A., & Zvacek, S. M. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003287483-29 · Cited by 29
Walking into a Modern Painting: The Impacts of Using Virtual Reality on Student Learning Performance and Experiences in Art Appreciation
Kuo, Y.-T., Bravo, E. G., Whittinghill, D., & Kuo, Y.-C. (2023) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2278929 · Cited by 28
What Dental Educators Need to Understand About Emerging Technologies to Incorporate Them Effectively into the Educational Process
Stein, C. D., Eisenberg, E. S., O’Donnell, J. A., & Spallek, H. (2014) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2014.78.4.tb05702.x · Cited by 28
Accounting students' perceptions of a Learning Management System
Basioudis, I. G., Lange, P. D., Suwardy, T., & Wells, P. K. (2012) · Accounting Research Journal · doi:10.1108/10309611211287279 · Cited by 28
Technology Enhanced Learning Environments for self‐regulated learning: a framework for research
Steffens, K. (2008) · Technology Pedagogy and Education · doi:10.1080/14759390802383827 · Cited by 28
Revisiting e‐learning effectiveness: proposing a conceptual model
Macgregor, G., & Turner, J. (2009) · Interactive Technology and Smart Education · doi:10.1108/17415650911005375 · Cited by 28
Manipulating interactivity with thematically hyperlinked news texts: a media learning experiment
Tremayne, M. (2008) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444808094353 · Cited by 28
Framework for E‐Learning Assessment in Dental Education: A Global Model for the Future
Arevalo, C. R., Bayne, S. C., BEELEY, J. A., Brayshaw, C. J., Cox, M., Donaldson, N. H., Elson, B. S., Grayden, S. K., Hatzipanagos, S., Johnson, L. A., et al. (2013) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2013.77.5.tb05504.x · Cited by 28
AN EVALUATION OF COMPUTER‐BASED PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION FOR PROMOTING TEACHERS' GREETINGS OF PARENTS BY NAME
Ingvarsson, E. T., & Hanley, G. P. (2006) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.2006.18-05 · Cited by 28
Health Education and Multimedia Learning: Connecting Theory and Practice (Part 2)
Mas, F. G. S., Plass, J. L., Kane, W. M., & Papenfuss, R. L. (2003) · Health Promotion Practice · doi:10.1177/1524839903255411 · Cited by 28
Ten Commandments for the evaluation of interactive multimedia in higher education
Reeves, T. C. (1991) · Journal of Computing in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/bf02941590 · Cited by 28
A comparative study of the impact of integrated learning systems on students' time-on-task
Worthen, B. R., Dusen, L. M. V., & Sailor, P. (1994) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/0883-0355(94)90021-3 · Cited by 28
Construction of an adaptive e-learning environment to address learning styles and an investigation of the effect of media choice
Wolf, C. (2011) · RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) · doi:10.25439/rmt.27340215 · Cited by 28

Authors: Clark, R. E.
Affiliations: University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author: Clark, Richard E.
Venue: Review of Educational Research
Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Published: 1983-12
Volume: 53
Issue: 4
Pages: 445-459
ISSN: 0034-6543 (ISSN-L)
1935-1046
DOI: 10.3102/00346543053004445
OpenAlex: W2120414497
Cited by: 2,715
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 66 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 117 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 112 · 2012: 114
FWCI: 34.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Review of Educational Research (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
Keywords: learning from media, instructional media, media effects on learning, instructional method, novelty effect, learning gains

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Reconsidering Research on Learning from Media

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks