Cited by 892Innovations in Medical EducationStudent Assessment and FeedbackEvaluation and Performance Assessment

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A model for programmatic assessment fit for purpose.

van der Vleuten, C. P. M., Schuwirth, L. W. T., Driessen, E. W., Dijkstra, J., Tigelaar, D., Baartman, L. K. J., van Tartwijk, J.·2012·Medical Teacher

DOI 10.3109/0142159x.2012.652239

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Abstract

We propose a model for programmatic assessment in action, which simultaneously optimises assessment for learning and assessment for decision making about learner progress. This model is based on a set of assessment principles that are interpreted from empirical research. It specifies cycles of training, assessment and learner support activities that are complemented by intermediate and final moments of evaluation on aggregated assessment data points. A key principle is that individual data points are maximised for learning and feedback value, whereas high-stake decisions are based on the aggregation of many data points. Expert judgement plays an important role in the programme. Fundamental is the notion of sampling and bias reduction to deal with the inevitable subjectivity of this type of judgement. Bias reduction is further sought in procedural assessment strategies derived from criteria for qualitative research. We discuss a number of challenges and opportunities around the proposed model. One of its prime virtues is that it enables assessment to move, beyond the dominant psychometric discourse with its focus on individual instruments, towards a systems approach to assessment design underpinned by empirically grounded theory.

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Authors: van der Vleuten, C. P. M., Schuwirth, L. W. T., Driessen, E. W., Dijkstra, J., Tigelaar, D., Baartman, L. K. J., & van Tartwijk, J.
Affiliations: Flinders University (AU)
Maastricht University (NL)
Leiden University (NL)
University of Applied Sciences Utrecht (NL)
ORCID: Schuwirth, L. W. T.
Driessen, E. W.
Tigelaar, D.
Baartman, L. K. J.
Venue: Medical Teacher
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2012-02-25
Volume: 34
Issue: 3
Pages: 205-214
ISSN: 0142-159X (ISSN-L)
1466-187X
DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2012.652239
OpenAlex: W2163467994
Cited by: 892
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 140 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 31.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Medical Teacher (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Medical Education
Social Sciences › Education › Student Assessment and Feedback
Social Sciences › Public Administration › Evaluation and Performance Assessment
Keywords: programmatic assessment, assessment for learning, student progress, evaluation principles, expert opinion, bias mitigation, sampling, feedback, medical education
MeSH terms: Decision Making, Educational Measurement, Humans, Program Evaluation, Models, Educational

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