Detecting chronotype differences associated to latitude: a comparison between Horne–Östberg and Munich Chronotype questionnaires
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronotype, phase preference to perform activities during a 24-hour day, represents distinct circadian temporal organization of living organisms. Morning and evening types can be identified by questionnaires such as Horne and Östberg (HO) and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Environmental factors, such as different light-dark cycles experienced at different latitudes, interact with the organisms' circadian timekeeping system. Therefore, chronotype is expected to vary as a result of different geographical locations. AIM: To identify differences in chronotype distribution in populations of two Brazilian cities, Natal and Sao Paulo, located at different latitudes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two specific questionnaires, the Horne and Östberg Questionnaire (HO) and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), were used to identify chronotypes of undergraduate students from São Paulo and Natal. RESULTS: The comparison of the curve distributions of HO and MCTQ scores between both cities allowed one to observe that, while HO curves of São Paulo and Natal overlapped, MCTQ curves showed a clear shift towards eveningness in São Paulo. CONCLUSION: This experiment confirmed results from previous studies that the farther away from the equator, the longer the delay of the sleep phase. It was also concluded that MCTQ is better at detecting this phenomenon.
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Light is believed to be the strongest synchronizer of the master clock, and variations in the light-dark cycle across latitudes and time zones are thought to influence the circadian system, leading to differences in chronotype across the globe.
“Light is believed to be the strongest synchronizer of the master clock, and variations in the light-dark cycle across different latitudes and time zones are thought to influence the circadian system, leading to differences in chronotype across the globe (55).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [55]
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Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health
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- Authors
- Miguel, M., Oliveira, V. C. D., Pereira, D., & Pedrazzoli, M.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
- Venue
- Annals of Human Biology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-09-24
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 107-110
- ISSN
- 0301-4460 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5033
- OpenAlex
- W1976540948
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Human Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNIFESP Institutional Repository (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Toronto
- Universidade de São Paulo
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- chronotype, latitude, circadian rhythm, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, questionnaire comparison, light-dark cycle, Natal, São Paulo
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brazil, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Geography, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Students, Photoperiod, Young Adult
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