Morningness–eveningness and the environment hypothesis – a cross-cultural comparison of Turkish and German adolescents
Abstract
Individuals differ in morningness-eveningness, which is their preferred time for intellectual and physical activities. Although it is a basic human trait, cross-cultural comparisons are scarce but interesting because they help to determine the influence of exogenous factors, such as ambient temperature, climate and photoperiod. We here compare a large sample of German and Turkish adolescents (N = 26 465) by using the Composite Scale of Morningness and the Morning Affect Factor. First, we show that the Morning Affect Factor and Morningness scores are equivalent in both countries and we report country differences with Turkish adolescents scoring higher on morningness (F1,26 038 = 1293.313, p < 0.001) and in the morning affect (F1,26 038 = 133.833, p < 0.001). This fits into the environment hypothesis suggesting that populations near the equator should be more morning oriented. Meanwhile, gender differences were small and adolescents showed a lower morningness and a lower morning affect with increasing age.
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Turkish adolescents are more likely to have a morning chronotype than German adolescents.
“In a comparable study, Turkish adolescents were more likely to have a morning chronotype than were German adolescents (58).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [58]
Country-specific differences in chronotype have been reported by several studies.
“Accordingly, country-specific differences in chronotype have been reported by several studies (46, 56–58).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Horzum, M. B., Randler, C., Masal, E., Beşoluk, Ş., Önder, İ., & Vollmer, C.
- Affiliations
- Sakarya University (TR)
- Heidelberg University of Education (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Randler, Christoph
- ORCID
- Venue
- Chronobiology International
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-06-10
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 814-821
- ISSN
- 0742-0528 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-6073
- OpenAlex
- W1790585439
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chronobiology International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Sakarya Üniversitesi Kurumsal Açık Akademik Arşivi (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sakarya Üniversitesi
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- chronotype, adolescents, cross-cultural comparison, Turkish adolescents, German adolescents, photoperiod, ambient temperature, climate, age differences, gender differences, Composite Scale of Morningness
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Circadian Rhythm, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Sleep, Turkey, Reproducibility of Results, Photoperiod
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