CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 181Sleep and related disordersCircadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Wakefulness Research

The transition of sleep–wake patterns in early adolescence

Gau, Shur-Fen, Soong, Wei-Tsuen·2003·Sleep
DOI 10.1093/sleep/26.4.449
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between school grade level and sleep-phase preference in early adolescence. DESIGN: A school-based cross-sectional study using a Sleep Habit Questionnaire. SETTING: NA. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand five hundred and seventy-two students, grade 4 to grade 8, from 3 junior high schools and 3 elementary schools in Taipei were recruited using multistage sampling method. The response rates were 98.4% (1547) for participants and 95.9% (1509) for their parents. INTERVENTIONS: NA. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Each student participant completed a Sleep Habit Questionnaire, including sleep schedules, the Morningness/Eveningness (M/E) scale, the Pubertal Developmental Scale, and the Sleepiness Scale. The morning (N = 367) and evening (N = 364) groups were operationally defined as participants with the top 25% and the bottom 25% of the M/E score, respectively. A mixed model was used in data analysis to address the cluster effects arising from the school-based study. We found that the M/E score decreased and the proportion of the evening type increased across grade 4 to grade 8. The evening type was associated with decreased nocturnal sleep and later bedtimes and rise times, as well as with increased daytime sleepiness and compensation for sleep on weekends. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that school grade level is significantly associated with the transition to evening type in early adolescence. We report that environmental factors may play a more important role than biologic factors, such as age, sex, and pubertal development, in the transition from morning type to evening type at early adolescence. Future longitudinal study is necessary to determine the trajectories of sleep-wake patterns in adolescents and their predictors.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/sleep/26.4.449

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Typical sleep changes in adolescence include a preference for a later chronotype.

    “The typical sleep changes in adolescence, in particular exhibiting a preference for a later chronotype (Gau and Soong, 2003, Gradisar et al., 2011, Keyes et al., 2015) are especially interesting in this regard, as this is the age at which psychotic experiences often begin to manifest.”

    From The role of sleep dysfunction in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations: A systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as Gau and Soong, 2003

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Gau, S.-F., & Soong, W.-T.
Affiliations
National Taiwan University (TW)
Venue
Sleep
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2003-06
Volume
26
Issue
4
Pages
449-454
ISSN
  • 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-9109
DOI
10.1093/sleep/26.4.449
OpenAlex
W107894041
Cited by
181
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 14
FWCI
9.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • SLEEP (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Taiwan University Hospital
  • National Taiwan University
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords
sleep-wake patterns, circadian preference, chronotype, early adolescence, grade level, sleep schedule, bedtime, daytime sleepiness, pubertal development, environmental factors
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Habits, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Incidence, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review