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Cited by 385Sleep and related disordersCircadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Wakefulness Research

Age-related changes in sleep/wake patterns among Korean teenagers

Yang, Chang-Kook, Kim, Jung K., Patel, Sanjay Rajnikant, Lee, Jeong-Hyeong·2005·PEDIATRICS
DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-0815g
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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: As children go through the transition from childhood to adolescence, many shifts occur in sleep/wake patterns related to intrinsic and extrinsic developmental changes. These shifts have been shown to result in corresponding shifts in sleep phase (later sleep onset) and sleep deprivation among teenagers in Western societies. However, the effect of these developmental changes on the sleep habits of Korean teenagers has not been analyzed. This study aims to quantify age-related changes in sleep/wake patterns among Korean teenagers and elucidate cultural and other factors causing these changes. METHODS: The School Sleep Habits Survey was administered in homeroom classes to students in grades 5 to 12 (mean age: 13.7 +/- 2.4 years) selected via a 2-way stratification sampling method. The survey included items regarding usual sleep/wake patterns over the previous 2 weeks as well as measures of daytime sleepiness, sleep/wake-problem behavior, depressed mood, and morningness/eveningness. RESULTS: A total of 1457 students (52.9% male) completed the survey. The higher the grade, the later bedtime was found to be on both school days and weekends. There was a similar relationship between increasing grade and earlier wake time on school days, but higher grades were associated with later wake time on weekends. Total sleep time decreased by approximately 3 hours on school nights and 1 hour on weekend nights from grades 5 to 12. Adolescents were severely sleep deprived, with mean school-night total sleep times of 6.02, 5.62, and 4.86 hours for 10th-, 11th-, and 12th-graders, respectively. In the higher grades, there was a greater discrepancy between school nights and weekends in terms of bedtime and wake time, and the magnitude of weekend oversleep increased. Older students also reported more daytime sleepiness, more sleep/wake-problem behavior, more depressed mood, and more eveningness preference. The chief reasons students cited for their sleep deprivation differed across grades: Academic demands and entertainment (such as Internet and television) were reported by 5th- and 6th-graders, entertainment and then academic demands by 7th-, 8th-, and 9th-graders, and early school start time and academic demands by 10th-, 11th- and 12th-graders. CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly demonstrates that Korean adolescents do not get adequate sleep and that they have profound discrepancies in their sleep/wake patterns between school and weekend nights. Compared with previous studies from other countries, Korean students display even greater sleep deprivation and also more irregular sleep/wake patterns. This study also demonstrates that academic demands/stress and early school start time are the most important contributing factors for sleep deprivation among Korean adolescents. These findings stress the need to promote awareness of the magnitude of adolescent sleep deprivation and its detrimental effects in Korean society.

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Crossref · 10.1542/peds.2004-0815g

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  • Similar trends of insufficient sleep have been observed in other modern societies, including Korea, Brazil, and Italy.

    “Similar trends have been observed in other modern societies, including Korea, Brazil, and Italy [11, 59, 62, 209].”

    From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [209]

  • In other cultures, similar developmental timing is observed, although the peak delay may occur as early as 15-16 years of age.

    “In other cultures, similar developmental timing is observed, although the peak delay may occur as early as 15-16 years of age [45, 163, 188, 209].”

    From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [209]

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Authors
Yang, C.-K., Kim, J. K., Patel, S. R., & Lee, J.-H.
Affiliations
  • Dong-A University (KR)
  • Pohang University of Science and Technology (KR)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
ORCID
Venue
PEDIATRICS
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2005-01-01
Volume
115
Issue
Supplement_1
Pages
250-256
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.2004-0815g
OpenAlex
W2096912103
Cited by
385
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 23
FWCI
12.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Sanofi
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords
adolescent sleep patterns, sleep deprivation, Korean adolescents, bedtime, wake time, total sleep time, daytime sleepiness, depressive mood, chronotype, school start time, academic demands, Korean students in the United States
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Aging, Child, Circadian Rhythm, Culture, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Korea, Male, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Prevalence

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