NOX1 deficiency in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice is associated with elevated plasma lipids and enhanced atherosclerosis
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). NOX2 activity in the vascular wall is elevated in hypercholesterolemia, and contributes to oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Here we examined the role of another NOX isoform, NOX1, in atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-knockout (APOE(-/-)) mice fed a Western diet for 14 weeks. Although NOX1 mRNA expression was unchanged in aortas from APOE(-/-) versus wild-type mice, expression of the NOX1-specific organizer, NOXO1, was diminished, consistent with an overall reduction in NOX1 activity in APOE(-/-) mice. To examine the impact of a further reduction in NOX1 activity, APOE(-/-) mice were crossed with NOX1(-/y) mice to generate NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) double-knockouts. NOX1 deficiency in APOE(-/-) mice was associated with 30-50% higher plasma very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)/LDL and triglyceride levels (P < 0.01). Vascular ROS levels were also elevated by twofold in NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) versus APOE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05), despite no changes in expression of other NOX subunits. Although en face analysis of the descending aorta revealed no differences in plaque area between NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) and APOE(-/-) mice, intimal thickening in the aortic sinus was increased by 40% (P < 0.05) in the double-knockouts. Moreover, NOX1 deficiency was associated with a less stable plaque phenotype; aortic sinus lesions contained 60% less collagen (P < 0.01), 40% less smooth muscle (P < 0.01), and 2.5-fold higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (P < 0.001) than lesions in APOE(-/-) mice. Thus, these data, which suggest a protective role for NOX1 against hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in APOE(-/-) mice, highlight the complex and contrasting roles of different NOX isoforms (e.g., NOX2 versus NOX1) in vascular pathology.
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The positive charge of triphenylphosphonium is delocalized over its large hydrophobic area, allowing MitoQ to freely be taken into mitochondria based on the mitochondrial membrane potential.
“The positive charge of the triphenylphosphonium cation is delocalized over its large hydrophobic area, which allows it to freely be taken into the mitochondria based on the mitochondrial membrane potential (873).”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [873]
Antioxidants targeted to specific cells or organelles can still become relevant in the management of oxidative stress pathologies, in particular mitochondria-targeted antioxidants.
“Finally, antioxidants targeted to specific cells or organelles can still become relevant in the management of oxidative stress pathologies, in particular, but not limited to, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (873).”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [873]
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- Authors
- Sobey, C. G., Judkins, C. P., Rivera, J., Lewis, C. V., Diep, H., Lee, H. W., Kemp-Harper, B. K., Broughton, B. R. S., Selemidis, S., Gaspari, T. A., Samuel, C. S., & Drummond, G. R.
- Affiliations
- Monash Medical Centre (AU)
- Monash University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Drummond, G. R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Free Radical Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-12-13
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 186-198
- ISSN
- 1029-2470 (ISSN-L)
- 1071-5762
- OpenAlex
- W2146102553
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Free Radical Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Keywords
- NOX1, NADPH oxidase, apolipoprotein E deficiency, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, plasma lipids, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, NOXO1, intimal thickening, plaque stability, MMP-9, Western diet, vascular smooth muscle, collagen, double knockout mice
- MeSH terms
- NADPH Oxidase 1, Animals, Apolipoproteins E, Lipoproteins, LDL, Lipoproteins, VLDL, NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases, Triglycerides, Mice, Knockout, Atherosclerosis, Mice
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