Volume and type of alcohol during early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Research on alcohol consumption during pregnancy and miscarriage spans over three decades, yet the relationship is still not well-understood. OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between volume and type of alcohol consumed during pregnancy in relation to miscarriage. METHODS: We utilized data from a population-based cohort study of pregnant women (n = 1061) of which 172 (16%) women had a miscarriage. Upon study entry, participants were asked about their alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Based on the average number of drinks per week, women were categorized into one of three categories: four or more drinks per week (n = 32, 3%), less than four drinks per week (n = 403, 38%), and no alcohol intake (n = 626, 59%). In addition, women were categorized by the type of alcohol beverage they consumed: beer only (n = 47, 4%), spirits only (n = 56, 5%), wine only (n = 160, 15%), or a combination of two or more types of alcohol (n = 172, 16%). RESULTS: A significant increased risk of miscarriage (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 2.65; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38, 5.10) was found for women who drank four or more drinks a week. Our findings also suggest the relationship between alcohol intake during pregnancy and miscarriage is strongest for miscarriage occurring prior to 10 weeks of gestation. In addition, women who drank only spirits had more than a two-fold increased risk of miscarriage compared to women who abstained (aHR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.32, 3.81). Conclusions/Importance: Future research assessing the factors that may contribute to an increased risk of miscarriage should consider the type of alcohol consumed.
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Developmental abnormalities of embryos not seen in live births are found in miscarriages with normal chromosomes.
“In addition, developmental abnormalities of embryos not seen in live births are found in miscarriages with normal chromosomes. 49,50”
From Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
The Measures > Miscarriage section defines and describes how miscarriage was ascertained, and the Discussion > Limitations section says diagnoses were clinical. Neither addresses embryonic developmental abnormalities, chromosome status, or a comparison with live births. Searches for the claim’s wording and for chromosomally normal miscarriages found no relevant passage in our copy; page numbers were not provided. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Avalos, L. A., Roberts, S. C., Kaskutas, L. A., Block, G., & Li, D.-K.
- Affiliations
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Alcohol Research Group (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Avalos, Lyndsay Ammon
- Venue
- Substance Use & Misuse
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-05-08
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1437-1445
- ISSN
- 1082-6084 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2491
- PMC
- PMC4183196
- OpenAlex
- W2146851671
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 4.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Substance Use & Misuse (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32-AA007240-29, T32AA007240)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Keywords
- prenatal alcohol exposure, miscarriage, alcoholic beverages, wine, beer, early pregnancy, pregnancy loss risk
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Spontaneous, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol, Beer, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Risk, Wine, Cohort Studies
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