Monitoring the menstrual cycle: Comparison of urinary and serum reproductive hormones referenced to true ovulation

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How regular is regular? An analysis of menstrual cycle regularity

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The normal variabilities of the menstrual cycle

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Development of the first urinary reproductive hormone ranges referenced to independently determined ovulation day

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Cycle characteristics after discontinuation of oral contraceptives

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The Effect of Steroid Hormones on Ovarian Follicle Development

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Can apps and calendar methods predict ovulation with accuracy?

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Sex differences in cerebral autoregulation are unaffected by menstrual cycle phase in young, healthy women

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Period tracker applications: What menstrual cycle information are they giving women?

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Real-life insights on menstrual cycles and ovulation using big data

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The LH surge and ovulation re-visited: a systematic review and meta-analysis and implications for true natural cycle frozen thawed embryo transfer

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Reproductive Hormones and Female Mental Wellbeing

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Combined hormonal contraceptives are associated with minor changes in composition and diversity in gut microbiota of healthy women

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Ultradian rhythms in heart rate variability and distal body temperature anticipate onset of the luteinizing hormone surge

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Extensive monitoring of the natural menstrual cycle using the serum biomarkers estradiol, luteinizing hormone and progesterone

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Whole-brain dynamics across the menstrual cycle: the role of hormonal fluctuations and age in healthy women

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Antimüllerian hormone levels and numbers and sizes of antral follicles in regularly menstruating women of reproductive age referenced to true ovulation day

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High levels estradiol affect blastocyst implantation and post-implantation development directly in mice

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Establishing a Gold Standard for Quantitative Menstrual Cycle Monitoring

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Development of Smartphone-Based Lateral Flow Device for the Quantification of LH and E3G Hormones

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Monitoring of ovarian activity by measurement of urinary excretion rates using the Ovarian Monitor, Part IV: the relationship of the pregnanediol glucuronide threshold to basal body temperature and cervical mucus as markers for the beginning of the post-ovulatory infertile period

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Validation of urinary reproductive hormone measurements using a novel smartphone connected reader

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Concordance of self-reported hormonal contraceptive use and presence of exogenous hormones in serum among African women

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Influence of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive phases on strength performance, neuromuscular fatigue, and perceived exertion

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Complete Cycle Mapping Using a Quantitative At-Home Hormone Monitoring System in Prediction of Fertile Days, Confirmation of Ovulation, and Screening for Ovulation Issues Preventing Conception

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Relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count across the menstrual cycle using the Beckman Coulter Access assay in comparison with Gen II manual assay

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Plasma volume variation across the menstrual cycle among healthy women of reproductive age: A prospective cohort study

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Peri‐implantation urinary hormone monitoring distinguishes between types of first‐trimester spontaneous pregnancy loss

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How to study the menstrual cycle as a continuous variable: Implementing phase-aligned cycle time scaling (PACTS) with the menstrualcycleR package

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Hormonal milieu influences whole-brain structural dynamics across the menstrual cycle using dense sampling in multiple individuals

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Current Ovulation and Luteal Phase Tracking Methods and Technologies for Fertility and Family Planning: A Review

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Timed intercourse for couples trying to conceive

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A Comparison of Two Hormonal Fertility Monitoring Systems for Ovulation Detection: A Pilot Study

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Comparison of woman‐picked, expert‐picked, and computer‐picked Peak Day of cervical mucus with blinded urine luteinising hormone surge for concurrent identification of ovulation

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Confirmation of ovulation from urinary progesterone analysis: assessment of two automated assay platforms

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Towards the Clinical Evaluation of the Luteal Phase in Fertile Women: A Preliminary Study of Normative Urinary Hormone Profiles

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Influence of Menstrual Phase and Symptoms on Match Running in Professional Footballers

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Timing of progesterone luteal support in natural cryopreserved embryo transfer cycles: back to basics

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Hormonal influences on women's extra-pair sexual interests: The moderating impact of partner attractivenessPreprint

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Finding the Fertile Phase

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Zyklus-Apps zur Verhütung – sicher oder Gesellschaftsspiel?

Frank‐Herrmann, P., Freis, A., Freundl-Schütt, T., Wallwiener, L.-M., Baur, S., Freundl, G., Raith-Paula, E., & Strowitzki, T. (2018) · Der Gynäkologe · doi:10.1007/s00129-018-4358-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Direct measurement of pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (PDG) in dried urine spots by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect ovulation

Handelsman, D. J., Nimmagadda, R., Desai, R., Handelsman, T. D., Whittle, B., Skorupskaite, K., & Anderson, R. A. (2021) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105900 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Does the HCG trigger dose used for IVF impact luteal progesterone concentrations? a randomized controlled trial

Svenstrup, L., Möller, S., Fedder, J., Pedersen, D. E., Erb, K., Andersen, C. Y., & Humaidan, P. (2022) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.04.019 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Natural cycle versus hormone replacement cycle for transferring vitrified-warmed embryos in eumenorrhoeic women. A retrospective cohort study

Satwik, R., Majumdar, A., Gupta, S. M., Tiwari, N., Majumdar, G., & Kochhar, M. (2021) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.06.005 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Hormonal Smartphone Diagnostics

Matías‐García, P. R., Martinez-Hurtado, J. L., Beckley, A., Schmidmayr, M., & Seifert‐Klauss, V. (2018) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7614-0_38 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Ovarian hormones in relation to naturally cycling women's conception risk: Empirical evidence and implications for behavioral endocrinology.Preprint

Tran, D., Thompson, M. E., & Gangestad, S. (2022) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105276 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Luteinising hormone profiles in conception and non-conception natural cycles

Johnson, S., Schiffner, J., Freundl, G., Bachmann, N., & Gnoth, C. (2019) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.1080/13625187.2019.1590697 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

AACC Guidance Document on the Use of Point-of-Care Testing in Fertility and Reproduction

Nichols, J. H., Ali, M., Anetor, J. I., Chen, L. S., Chen, Y., Collins, S. P., Das, S., Devaraj, S., Fu, L., Karon, B. S., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1093/jalm/jfac042 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

An empirical comparison of several commercial enzyme immunoassays for the non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical and gonadal function in mountain gorillas

Grebe, N. M., Eckardt, W., Stoinski, T. S., Umuhoza, R., Santymire, R. M., & Rosenbaum, S. (2023) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114351 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

A Novel Fertility Indicator Equation Using Estradiol Levels for Assessment of Phase of the Menstrual Cycle

Usala, S. J., & Trindade, A. A. (2020) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina56110555 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Ovulatory status and menstrual cycle duration assessed by self-collection of urine on pH strips in a population-based sample of French women not using hormonal contraception

Rosetta, L., Thalabard, J., Tanniou, J., Ducot, B., Maitrot‐Mantelet, L., Rousset‐Jablonski, C., Bohet, A., Bouyer, J., Chimènes, A., & Slama, R. (2017) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.1080/13625187.2017.1410881 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Potential biomarkers to predict return to fertility after discontinuation of female contraceptives—looking to the future

Cordova-Gomez, A., Wong, A. P., Sims, L. B., Doncel, G. F., & Dorflinger, L. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Reproductive Health · doi:10.3389/frph.2023.1210083 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Preovulatory progesterone levels are the top indicator for ovulation prediction based on machine learning model evaluation: a retrospective study

Li, Y., Zeng, H., & Fu, J. (2024) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-024-01495-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

The Fertility Indicator Equation Using Serum Progesterone and Urinary Pregnanediol-3-Glucuronide for Assessment of Ovulatory to Luteal Phase Transition

Usala, S. J., Alliende, M. E., & Trindade, A. A. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57020134 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Increased Chance of Live Birth Following Use of Connected Ovulation Test System: Outcome Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Johnson, S., Bond, S., Grace, B., & Marriott, L. (2022) · Women s Health Reports · doi:10.1089/whr.2021.0102 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Gonadotropin and Ovarian Hormone Monitoring: Lateral Flow Assays for Clinical Decision Making

Targonskaya, A., & Maslowski, K. (2023) · Women · doi:10.3390/women3040036 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Establishment of a reference ELISA for measurement of universal thresholds of pregnanediol glucuronide excretion rates using urine samples diluted to a constant volume per unit time

Binnie, J. E., Cooke, D. G., & Blackwell, L. F. (2016) · Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry · doi:10.1080/15321819.2016.1236730 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

The Association Between Early Progesterone Rise and Serum Estradiol Levels as Well as Endometrial Thickness in IVF Cycles

Ivanović, K., Tulić, L., Tulic, I., Ivanovic, S., Stojnić, J., Bila, J. S., Dosev, T., Vuković, Ž., & Milošević, B. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14175965 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Chronic circadian disruption in female mice induces a long‐term alteration of the preovulatory LH surge

Simonneaux, M., & Simonneaux, V. (2025) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.70101 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Menstrual Phase and Postmatch Perceptual Recovery Responses for Naturally Menstruating Football Players

Brown, G. A., Fullagar, H. H. K., & Duffield, R. (2025) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2024-0295 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Effectiveness of a Postpartum Breastfeeding Protocol for Avoiding Pregnancy

Schneider, M., Fehring, R. J., & Bouchard, T. P. (2023) · The Linacre Quarterly · doi:10.1177/00243639231167235 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Expressing the quantity of urinary analytes: a discussion of some issues arising from the monitoring of the menstrual cycle

Brown, S. B., Cooke, D. G., & Blackwell, L. F. (2020) · Open Health · doi:10.1515/openhe-2020-0001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Analysis and validation of a new extended method for estimating plasma free cortisol including neutrophil elastase and competition from other steroids

Gudmand‐Hoeyer, J., & Ottesen, J. T. (2018) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.04.003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Oscillations of estradiol and gonadotropins are a missing link to solving the mystery of mono-ovulation in humans

Dozortsev, D. I., Pellicer, A., & Diamond, M. P. (2021) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.05.107 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Favorable alterations in ventricular-arterial interactions across the menstrual cycle in healthy premenopausal women

Shenouda, N., Stock, J. M., Chouramanis, N. V., Lincoln, Z. R., Wenner, M. M., Chirinos, J. A., & Edwards, D. G. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00363.2024 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Neuronal Dynamics of Menstrually Related Migraine

Peng, K., Mehnert, J., & May, A. (2025) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000214234 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Affective Sensitivity to Ovarian Steroid Hormone Flux Across the Menstrual Cycle: Manifestations and Biopsychosocial Risk Factors

Stumper, A., Schmalenberger, K. M., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., & Peters, J. R. (2026) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-083756 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Familienplanung mit Zyklus-Apps – ein Update

Frank‐Herrmann, P., Freundl-Schütt, T., Wallwiener, L.-M., Baur, S., & Strowitzki, T. (2021) · Gynäkologische Endokrinologie · doi:10.1007/s10304-021-00391-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Efficacy and Pain Tolerance of Alexandrite Laser Hair Removal at Different Stages of the Menstrual Cycle

Karanfil, E., & Görğü, M. (2024) · Aesthetic Surgery Journal · doi:10.1093/asj/sjae044 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Are there any differences in pain thresholds during the menstrual cycle?

Savic, A., Savanov, B., Subic, L., Popović, D., Aleksandrić, T., & Knežević, A. (2024) · Medicinski pregled · doi:10.2298/mpns2408228s · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Zyklus-Apps und Mess-Systeme

Raith-Paula, E., & Frank‐Herrmann, P. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-59311-0_14 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

High Baseline SHBG, as an Independent Predictor, Was Associated With High Ovulation: a Secondary Analysis of PCOSActPreprint

Chang, H., Wu, Q., Ge, H., Li, J., Zhu, M., Luo, X., Han, Y., Wang, C. C., & Wu, X. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-146920/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

A quantitative home-use framework for assessing fertility and identifying novel hormone trends by recording urine hormonesPreprint

Pattnaik, S., Das, D., & Venkatesan, V. A. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.11.21257023 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Modeling fertile window differences across the reproductive lifespan with quantitative urine hormone monitoring of the menstrual cycle

Bouchard, T. P., Fehring, R. J., Meyers, M., Stujenske, T. M., Boychuk, L., Smith, A., Schweinsberg, K., Scarpa, B., & Schneider, M. (2026) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-026-02184-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Urine Progesterone Level as a Diagnostics Tool to Evaluate the Need for Luteal Phase Rescue in Hormone Replacement Therapy Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles

Hansen, L. Y., Fujisawa, T., Povlsen, B. B., Laursen, R., Jensen, M. B., Humaidan, P., & Alsbjerg, B. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262110795 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Estradiol, Emotion Regulation, and the Limbic System: Effects on Gray Matter Volume

Denninger, A. F., Rehbein, E., Poromaa, I. S., Derntl, B., & Kogler, L. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2026.100709 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Fertility and pregnancy detection - how the pharmacist can help?

Trávník, P. (2017) · Praktické lékárenství · doi:10.36290/lek.2017.062 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Natürlicher Zyklus und Spontanschwangerschaftsraten

Gnoth, C., Freundl-Schütt, T., & Freundl, G. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-57636-6_11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Current Medical Research

Fehring, R. J., & Barron, M. L. (2018) · The Linacre Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0024363918792542 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Zyklus-Apps: zur Verhütung, zum Kinderwunsch oder doch nur Menstruationskalender?

Frank‐Herrmann, P., Freis, A., Freundl-Schütt, T., Wallwiener, L.-M., Baur, S., & Strowitzki, T. (2021) · Journal für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie/Österreich · doi:10.1007/s41974-020-00171-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Endogenous Hormones and Cognitive Decline in Women: Unveiling the Complex Interplay

Targonskaya, A., Wieczorek, K., & Maslowski, K. (2024) · Women · doi:10.3390/women4020009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Influence of Menstrual Phase and Symptoms on Sleep Before and After Matches for Professional Footballers

Brown, G. A., Fullagar, H. H. K., & Duffield, R. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.70011 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Urinary levels of oestradiol and pregnanediol glucuronides reflect the ovarian function in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)

Pennanen, T. M., Lindeberg, H., Mononen, J., Vepsäläinen, J., Hujo, M., & Viitala, S. M. (2025) · Animal Reproduction Science · doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107973 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

At-Home Quantitative Urine Hormone Monitoring for Prospective Menstrual Cycle Assessment: A Blinded Comparison with Ultrasound-Confirmed OvulationPreprint

Bouchard, T. P., Bedaiwy, M. A., Talhouk, A., Nakhuda, G. S., Yong, P. J., & Doyle–Baker, P. K. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6378465

Development of the first urinary reproductive hormone ranges referenced to independently determined ovulation day

Johnson, S., Weddell, S., Godbert, S., Freundl, G., Roos, J., & Gnoth, C. (2015) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2014-1087 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

Validating ovulation prediction and confirmation with the Mira monitor: blinded ultrasound and serum hormone comparison

Bouchard, T. P., Bedaiwy, M. A., Talhouk, A., Nakhuda, G. S., Yong, P. J., & Doyle–Baker, P. K. (2026) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2026.105881 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

L26/P-685 Predicting and confirming ovulation with at-home quantitative urinary hormone measurements compared to serum hormones and ultrasound-confirmed ovulation in women with regular menstrual cycles

Bouchard, T., Bedaiwy, M. A., Talhouk, A., Nakhuda, G. S., Yong, P. J., & Doyle–Baker, P. K. (2026) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deag083.1015

Prediction of Ovulation by Urinary LH Surge

KAWANO, T., MATSUURA, K., Honda, R., Nishimura, H., Tanaka, N., & Okamura, H. (1992) · Folia Endocrinologica Japonica · doi:10.1507/endocrine1927.68.11_1188 · Cited by 2 · see citing works