The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 74 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Increased xanthine oxidase in the thalamus and putamen in depression
Abstract
A growing body of literature suggests persistent and selective structural changes in the cortico-limbic-thalamic-striatal system in patients with recurrent depressive disorder (DD). Oxidative stress is thought to play a key role in these processes. So far, the main scientific focus has been on antioxidant enzymes in this context. For the first time, this proof of concept study examines the activity of the free radicals producing the enzyme, xanthine oxidase (XO), directly in the cortico-limbic-thalamic-striatal system of patients with recurrent depression. The activity of XO was ascertained in the cortico-limbic-thalamic-striatal regions in post-mortem brain tissue of patients with recurrent depressive episodes and individuals without any neurological or psychiatric history (7/7). We measured the XO activity in following brain areas: hippocampus, regio entorhinalis, thalamus, putamen and caudate nucleus. In this study, we report a significant increase of XO activity in the thalamus and the putamen of patients with depression. Our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence suggesting that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in certain brain areas in recurrent depressive disorder.
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“A recent post-mortem study found increased XO activity in the thalamus and putamen patients with recurrent MDD [35].”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“These results suggest increased ROS production in brain samples of depressive patients due to increased XO activity.”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [35]
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“MDD ( N = 36) exhibited significantly increased XO activ - ity compared with healthy controls ( N = 20), and in patients with recurrent MDD, XO activity was reported to be further elevated in the thalamus and cerebral cortex (Michel et al. 2010 ).”
Adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activity levels in children with anxiety disorder
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Qiu, J., Wang, B., Gu, W., Ge, J., Yang, Y., & Fu, Z. (2026) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112291
Metadata
- Authors
- Michel, T. M., Camara, S., Tatschner, T., Frangou, S., Sheldrick, A. J., Riederer, P., & Grünblatt, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Michel, Tanja Maria
- Venue
- The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2-2
- Pages
- 314-320
- ISSN
- 1562-2975 (ISSN-L)
- 1814-1412
- OpenAlex
- W2063819848
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- xanthine oxidase, recurrent depression, oxidative stress, thalamus, putamen, postmortem brain, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, caudate nucleus, free radicals
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Depressive Disorder, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Putamen, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Thalamus, Xanthine Oxidase, Oxidative Stress, Statistics, Nonparametric
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