Cited by 114Treatment of Major DepressionTryptophan and brain disordersNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

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Increased xanthine oxidase in the thalamus and putamen in depression

Michel, Tanja Maria, Camara, Sybille, Tatschner, Thomas, Frangou, Sophia, Sheldrick, Abigail Jane, Riederer, Peter, Grünblatt, Edna·2010·The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

DOI 10.3109/15622970802123695

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Abstract

A growing body of literature suggests persistent and selective structural changes in the cortico-limbic-thalamic-striatal system in patients with recurrent depressive disorder (DD). Oxidative stress is thought to play a key role in these processes. So far, the main scientific focus has been on antioxidant enzymes in this context. For the first time, this proof of concept study examines the activity of the free radicals producing the enzyme, xanthine oxidase (XO), directly in the cortico-limbic-thalamic-striatal system of patients with recurrent depression. The activity of XO was ascertained in the cortico-limbic-thalamic-striatal regions in post-mortem brain tissue of patients with recurrent depressive episodes and individuals without any neurological or psychiatric history (7/7). We measured the XO activity in following brain areas: hippocampus, regio entorhinalis, thalamus, putamen and caudate nucleus. In this study, we report a significant increase of XO activity in the thalamus and the putamen of patients with depression. Our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence suggesting that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in certain brain areas in recurrent depressive disorder.

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p53 promote oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and behavioral disorders via DDIT4-NF-κB signaling pathway
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“Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the depletion of antioxidative defenses are key factors underlying the structural alterations observed in the brain [6,7].”
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“” Oxidative stress can lead to the destruction of neuronal integrity causing direct damage to DNA or lipid peroxidation of cell membranes (Maria Michel et al. 2012; Michel et al. 2010).”
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Trazodone generates m-CPP: In 2008 risks from m-CPP might outweigh benefits of trazodone
Kast, R. E. (2009) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622970902836022 · Cited by 17
“Post-mortem study of brain tissue of depressed patients shows evidence of oxidative stress (Michel et al. 2008).”
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Distance-dependent alterations in local functional connectivity in drug-naive major depressive disorder
Zhu, J., Lin, X., Lin, C., & Zhuo, C. (2017) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.10.009 · Cited by 16
Association of dietary overall antioxidant intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults with depression: evidence from NHANES 2005–2018
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Dysfunction of the Purinergic System in Bipolar Disorder
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“For example, xanthine oxidase (XO), which catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to produce superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, has been observed to elevate levels in the serum of depressed patients and in the thalamic region of post-mortem depressed patients (Michel et al., 2010).”
Evaluation of thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with a first episode of major depressive disorder
Karaaslan, Ö., Hacımusalar, Y., Bal, C., & Ercan, M. (2019) · Medical Science and Discovery · doi:10.17546/msd.488247 · Cited by 8
“A number of studies have researched the role of oxidative metabolism in MDD (7,8).”
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Systematic review of optimizing brain-targeted vitamin D delivery: Novel approaches to enhance mental illness therapeutics
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Polyphenols in food and food wastes: Extraction, isolation, and health applications
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“…2006; Higgins et al., 2012; Polito et al., 2021) Kidney disease, hyperuricemia, and gout (Dawson & Walters, 2006; Furuhashi, 2020; Polito et al., 2022) Liver diseases (Battelli et al., 2001; Stirpe et al., 2002) Mental and neurological disorders (Herken et al., 2006; Michel et al., 2010) 2024).”
Temporal change of serum xanthine oxidase levels and its relation to clinical outcome of severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study
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N -Acetylcysteine-Capped TLQP21-Containing Au Nanocages Alleviate Depression in Mice
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The Role of Various Types of Diets in the Treatments of Depressive Disorders
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Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis: A Potential New Peripheral Biomarker in Adolescent Depression
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The Gender‐Specific Interaction of DVL3 and GSK3β Polymorphisms on Major Depressive Disorder Susceptibility in a Chinese Han Population: A Case‐Control Study
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“In MDD, OS is one of the main causes of structural and functional changes in the brain and preclinical and clinical studies have reported that increased ROS generation and depletion of antioxidant defenses are responsible for changes in brain structure [17-19].”
Background
An effort toward molecular neuroeconomics of food deprivation induced food hoarding in mice: focus on xanthine oxidoreductase gene expression and xanthine oxidase activity
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“…will increase in diabetic liver (Desco et al. 2002), brain ischemia (Solaroglu et al. 2005), gout, heat stress, hemorrhagic shock, viral infections (Dew et al. 2005), meningitis (Vorbach et al. 2003), xanthinuria-induced autism (Zannolli et al. 2003), and recurrent depression (Michel et al. 2010).”
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Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Mental Disorders: Endogenous Intoxication
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“[13,14] A recent post mortem study found increased XO activity in the thalamus and putamen of patients with recurrent MDD.[15] It was observed that pretreatment with amitriptyline and fluoxetine associated with increased Super Oxide Dismutase activity, and no signs of cell death were observed in cultured pheochromocyt…”
Background
Rola stresu oksydacyjnego i nitracyjnego oraz szlaku katabolitów tryptofanu w patogenezie depresji
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Effects of Duloxetine on Oxidant-Antioxidant System in Rat Brain Tissues
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Investigating the Antidepressant Mechanism of Acupuncture with a Focus on Mitochondrial Homeostasis
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Association Between Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Depressive Symptoms in Breast Cancer Patients: The Role of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in a Cross-Sectional Study
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Depressive Störungen
Laux, G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_67 · Cited by 2

Authors: Michel, T. M., Camara, S., Tatschner, T., Frangou, S., Sheldrick, A. J., Riederer, P., & Grünblatt, E.
Affiliations: University of Würzburg (DE)
RWTH Aachen University (DE)
Corresponding author: Michel, Tanja Maria
ORCID: Michel, Tanja Maria
Frangou, Sophia
Sheldrick, Abigail Jane
Riederer, Peter
Grünblatt, Edna
Venue: The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2010-03
Volume: 11
Issue: 2-2
Pages: 314-320
ISSN: 1562-2975 (ISSN-L)
1814-1412
DOI: 10.3109/15622970802123695
OpenAlex: W2063819848
Cited by: 114
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 3.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: xanthine oxidase, recurrent depression, oxidative stress, thalamus, putamen, postmortem brain, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, caudate nucleus, free radicals
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Depressive Disorder, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Putamen, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Thalamus, Xanthine Oxidase, Oxidative Stress, Statistics, Nonparametric

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Increased xanthine oxidase in the thalamus and putamen in depression

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