Controlled-Release Methylphenidate Improves Attention During On-Road Driving by Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with a 3- to 4-fold increase in both driving-related accidents and associated injuries. Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most commonly prescribed psychostimulant medication for ADHD. It has been demonstrated to improve performance on a driving simulator. This study investigated whether a once-daily, long-acting, osmotic, controlled-release MPH formulation improves the driving performance of ADHD adolescents while driving their own car on an actual road segment. METHODS: Twelve ADHD-diagnosed male adolescent drivers (mean age, 17.8 years) prescribed a standard dose of 1.0 mg/kg (if they were not already taking methylphenidate) of controlled-release MPH participated in this repeated-measures crossover study. On 2 separate occasions (off/on medication randomized), participants drove a standard 16-mile road course incorporating rural, highway, and urban streets. A rater, blind to medication conditions, sat in the back seat and rated impulsive (eg, "cutting off" another driver) and inattentive (eg, drove past designated turn) driving errors. RESULTS: Impulsive driving errors were observed to occur rarely under both medication and no medication conditions. Inattentive driving errors were more common and were significantly reduced while the subject was on medication (4.6 versus 7.8; P <.01). The improvement in driving performance (change in number of errors recorded) from first to second testing was positively correlated with medication dosage (r = 0.60; P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily controlled-release MPH improves real-life driving performance of adolescent males diagnosed with ADHD. In particular, it significantly reduces driving errors arising from inattention.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Stimulant use is not associated with adverse effects on driving; it is associated with an improvement in the concentration of ADHD patients during driving.
“Neither has stimulant use been associated with adverse effects on driving, but rather is associated with an improvement in the concentration of ADHD patients during driving [127,282].”
From European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD (2010) · cites this paper as [282]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_121117 · Cited by 20,769 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment
Barkley, R. A., & Poillion, M. J. (1994) · Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/019874299401900205 · Cited by 4,632 · see citing works
SHAFFER, D., FISHER, P., LUCAS, C. P., DULCAN, M. K., & SCHWAB-STONE, M. E. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200001000-00014 · Cited by 3,505 · see citing works
(1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.12.1073 · Cited by 3,372 · see citing works
(1998) · Cited by 2,026 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment
Sprafkin, J. N., & Carlson, G. A. (1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.9.1266 · Cited by 1,911 · see citing works
BARKLEY, R. A., FISCHER, M., EDELBROCK, C. S., & SMALLISH, L. (1990) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199007000-00007 · Cited by 1,507 · see citing works
Hyperactive Boys Almost Grown Up: I. Psychiatric Status
Gittelman, R. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790330017002 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults: Comorbidities and adaptive impairments
Murphy, K., & Barkley, R. A. (1996) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(96)90022-x · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Leibson, C. L. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.1.60 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A., Guevremont, D. C., Anastopoulos, A. D., DuPaul, G. J., & Shelton, T. L. (1993) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.92.2.212 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., & Kwasnik, D. (1996) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.98.6.1089 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Injuries to children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
DiScala, C., Lescohier, I., Barthel, M., & Li, G. (1998) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.102.6.1415 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Swanson, J., Gupta, S., Lam, A., Shoulson, I., Lerner, M., Modi, N., Lindemulder, E., & Wigal, S. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.204 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Swanson, J., Gupta, S., Guinta, D., Flynn, D., Agler, D., Lerner, M., Williams, L., Shoulson, I., & Wigal, S. (1999) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0009-9236(99)70038-x · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Cox, D. J., Merkel, R. L., Kovatchev, B. P., & Seward, R. L. (2000) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200004000-00006 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationCox, D. J., Merkel, R. L., Penberthy, J. K., Kovatchev, B., & Hankin, C. S. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200403000-00007 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationShader, R. I., Harmatz, J. S., Oesterheld, J. R., Parmelee, D. X., Sallee, F. R., & Greenblatt, D. J. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1177/00912709922008425 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Psychosocial and Medical Histories of Stimulant-Treated Children
Jensen, P. S., Shervette, R. E., Xenakis, S. N., & Bain, M. W. (1988) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198811000-00024 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hunt, D. K., Lowenstein, S. R., Badgett, R. G., & Steiner, J. F. (1995) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)80312-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Murphy K, Barkley RA. Attention deficit hyperac- tivity disorder adults: comorbidities and adaptive im- pairments. Comp Psychiatry 1996;37:393-401.
- DuPaul G, Power T, Anastopoulos A, Reid R. ADHD rating scale-IV. New York: Guilford Press; 1998.
- Biederman J. Practical considerations in stimulant drug selection for the attention-deficit/hyperactivity patient-efficacy, potency and titration. Today's Therapeutic Trends 2002;20:311-28.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Biederman, J., & Faraone, S. V. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66915-2 · Cited by 1,463 · see citing works
Kooij, S. J., Bejerot, S., Blackwell, A., Caci, H., Casas-Brugué, M., Carpentier, P. J., Edvinsson, D., Fayyad, J., Foeken, K., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-67 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
“Neither has stimulant use been associated with adverse effects on driving, but rather is associated with an improvement in the concentration of ADHD patients during driving [127,282].”
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Storebø, O. J., Ramstad, E., Krogh, H. B., Nilausen, T. D., Skoog, M., Holmskov, M., Rosendal, S., Groth, C., Magnusson, F. L., Moreira-Maia, C. R., et al. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009885.pub2 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A., & Cox, D. (2007) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2006.09.004 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citationUnder Diagnosis of Adult ADHD: Cultural Influences and Societal Burden
Asherson, P., Akehurst, R., Kooij, J. J. S., Huss, M., Beusterien, K., Sasané, R., Gholizadeh, S., & Hodgkins, P. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711435360 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Distinguishing comorbidity and successful management of adult ADHD
Kooij, J. J. S., Huss, M., Asherson, P., Akehurst, R., Beusterien, K., French, A., Sasané, R., & Hodgkins, P. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711435361 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
What we know about ADHD and driving risk: a literature review, meta-analysis and critique.
Jerome, L., Segal, A., & Habinski, L. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Using self-reported data to assess the validity of driving simulation data
Reimer, B., D’Ambrosio, L. A., Coughlin, J. F., Kafrissen, M. E., & Biederman, J. (2006) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03192783 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., O’Connell, T., & Connor, D. F. (2005) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2005.01.001 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The Consequences of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults
GOODMAN, D. W. (2007) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000290670.87236.18 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Jerome, L., Habinski, L., & Segal, A. (2006) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-006-0045-8 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Cox, D. J., Merkel, R. L., Moore, M., Thorndike, F., Muller, C., & Kovatchev, B. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2947 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationDriving and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Fuermaier, A., Tucha, L., Evans, B. L., Koerts, J., de Waard, D., Brookhuis, K., Aschenbrenner, S., Thome, J., Lange, K., & Tucha, O. (2015) · Journal of neural transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-015-1465-6 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Storebø, O. J., Storm, M. R. O., Ribeiro, J. P., Skoog, M., Groth, C., Edemann-Callesen, H., Schaug, J. P., Rasmussen, P. D., Huus, C.-M. L., Zwi, M., et al. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009885.pub3 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Alderman, E. M., Johnston, B., Breuner, C., Grubb, L. K., Powers, M., Upadhya, K., Wallace, S., Hoffman, B. D., Quinlan, K., Agran, P., et al. (2018) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2163 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Buitelaar, J. K., & Medori, R. (2009) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-009-0056-1 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Hamrin, V., McCarthy, E., & Tyson, V. (2010) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00237.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A. (2008) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1907 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Verster, J. C., Bekker, E. M., de Roos, M. P., Minova, A., Eijken, E. J. E., Kooij, J. J. S., Buitelaar, J. K., Kenemans, J. L., Verbaten, M. N., Olivier, B., et al. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881107082946 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Adolescent rats show cognitive rigidity in a test of attentional set shifting
Newman, L. A., & McGaughy, J. A. (2011) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20537 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Cox, D. J., Moore, M., Burket, R. C., Merkel, R. L., Mikami, A. Y., & Kovatchev, B. P. (2008) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2006.0141 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationKay, G., Michaels, M. A., & Pakull, B. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054708322986 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Atomoxetine facilitates attentional set shifting in adolescent rats
Cain, R. E., Wasserman, M. C., Waterhouse, B. D., & McGaughy, J. A. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.04.003 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Weiss, J. C. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2830 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Injury Among Stimulant-Treated Youth With ADHD
Marcus, S. C., Wan, G. J., Zhang, H. F., & Olfson, M. (2007) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707305168 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Sobanski, E., Sabljic, D., Alm, B., Skopp, G., Kettler, N., Mattern, R., & Strohbeck-Kühner, P. (2008) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-007-0834-1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Montano, C. B., & Young, J. (2012) · Postgraduate medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2012.09.2591 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Gobbo, M. A., & Louzã, M. (2014) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.06.006 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Fabiano, G. A., Hulme, K., Linke, S., Nelson-Tuttle, C., Pariseau, M. E., Gangloff, B. P., Lewis, K. E., Pelham, W. E., Waschbusch, D. A., Waxmonsky, J. G., et al. (2010) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2010.04.002 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Fabiano, G. A., Schatz, N. K., Morris, K. L., Willoughby, M. T., Vujnovic, R. K., Hulme, K. F., Riordan, J., Howard, M., Hennessy, D., Lewis, K., et al. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000137 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sobanski, E., Sabljic, D., Alm, B., Dittmann, R., Wehmeier, P. M., Skopp, G., & Strohbeck-Kühner, P. (2012) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.08.001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Raman, S. R., Marshall, S. W., Haynes, K., Gaynes, B. N., Naftel, A. J., & Stürmer, T. (2012) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040483 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Ertan, C., Özcan, Ö., & Pepele, M. S. (2012) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emermed-2011-200298 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Katzman, M. A., & Sternat, T. (2014) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0175-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Manual Transmission Enhances Attention and Driving Performance of ADHD Adolescent Males
Cox, D. J., Punja, M., Powers, K., Merkel, R. L., Burket, R. C., Moore, M., Thorndike, F. P., & Kovatchev, B. P. (2006) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054706288103 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationDriving With ADHD: Performance Effects and Environment Demand in Traffic
Randell, N. J. S., Charlton, S. G., & Starkey, N. J. (2016) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054716658126 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Osmotic, controlled-release methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD
Coghill, D., & Seth, S. (2006) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.7.15.2119 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Leibson, C., Barbaresi, W., Ransom, J. E., Colligan, R., Kemner, J., Weaver, A., & Katusic, S. (2006) · Ambulatory Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.ambp.2005.08.005 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Driving among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Bishop, H. J., Boe, L., Stavrinos, D., & Mirman, J. H. (2018) · Safety · doi:10.3390/safety4030040 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Trial of Training to Reduce Driver Inattention in Teens with ADHD
Epstein, J. N., Garner, A. A., Kiefer, A. W., Peugh, J., Tamm, L., MacPherson, R. P., Simon, J. O., & Fisher, D. L. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2204783 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Weisler, R. H. (2005) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.6.6.1003 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: update on clinical presentation and care
Asherson, P., Manor, I., & Huss, M. (2014) · Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.2217/npy.14.16 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bruce, C., Unsworth, C. A., Dillon, M. P., Tay, R., Falkmer, T., Bird, P., & Carey, L. M. (2017) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2017.10.002 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Drug Class Review on Pharmacologic Treatments for ADHD
McDonagh, M. S., Peterson, K., & Thakurta, S. (2005) · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Special Issues in the Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD in Adolescents
Steinhoff, K. W. (2008) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1908 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
ADHD in Adults — A Familiar Disease with Unfamiliar Challenges
Faraone, S. V. (2007) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900003801 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Update: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the primary care office
Schonwald, A. (2005) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/01.mop.0000156983.71532.eb · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Huang, P., & Winston, F. K. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381984-0.10023-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Fallu, A., Dabouz, F., Furtado, M., Anand, L., & Katzman, M. A. (2016) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125316643674 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Surman, C. B. H., Fried, R. S., Rhodewalt, L., & Boland, H. (2017) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0465-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Pharmacological Management of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents
Hazell, P. (2007) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200721010-00004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Long-term Safety of Stimulant Medications Used to Treat Children with ADHD
Gilchrist, R. H., & Arnold, L. E. (2008) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00904481-20080101-05 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ratzon, N. Z., Lunievsky, E. K., Ashkenasi, A., Laks, J., & Cohen, H. A. (2017) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2017.020164 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Romo, L., Sweerts, S. J., Ordonneau, P., Blot, E., & Gicquel, L. (2019) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2019.1640697 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and driving safety
Cox, D. J., & Davis, M. T. (2009) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-9923-8_19 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationDrugs for enhancing cognition and their ethical implications: a hot new cup of tea
Cheshire, W. P. (2006) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.6.3.263 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
OROS methylphenidate hydrochloride for adult patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
McBurnett, K., & Starr, H. L. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.546058 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Association of psychiatric comorbidities with the risk of transport accidents in ADHD and MPH
Liu, Y., Chen, V. C., Yang, Y., Chen, Y., & Gossop, M. (2021) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796021000032 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Storebø, O. J., Storm, M. R. O., Ribeiro, J. P., Skoog, M., Groth, C., Edemann-Callesen, H., Schaug, J. P., Darling, P. J., Huus, C.-M. L., Zwi, M., et al. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009885.pub4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Drug Class Review: Pharmacologic Treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
McDonagh, M. S., & Peterson, K. (2011) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pharmakotherapie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Erwachsenenalter
Kordon, A., & Fallahpour, M. H. (2006) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747.54.2.99 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Deshmukh, P., & Patel, D. D. (2019) · Current Developmental Disorders Reports · doi:10.1007/s40474-019-00183-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Turgay, A. (2006) · Therapy · doi:10.2217/14750708.3.1.19 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
ADHD, methylphenidate and driving: does some legislation endanger public health?
Verster, J. C., & Cox, D. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881108091878 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationGarrido, A. A. G., Barrios, F. A., de la Serna, J. M., León, H. C., & Gómez‐Velázquez, F. R. (2009) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.4810.2008296 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Return to Work in Mild Cognitive Disorders
Ettenhofer, M. L., Stavro, G. M., & Melrose, R. J. (2015) · Handbooks in health, work, and disability · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7627-7_31 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Jassal, Y. R., Slomowitz, R., Everitt, M. D., Christofferson, E. S., von Alvensleben, J. C., Maria, M. V. D., & Wolfe, K. R. (2023) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-023-03128-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Parlatini, V., Bellato, A., Roy, S., Murphy, D., & Cortese, S. (2024) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2024.0038 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Pharmacologically Enhanced Physician
Cheshire, W. P. (2008) · The AMA Journal of Ethic · doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2008.10.9.oped1-0809 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Genetic Study Identifies CBLN4 as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Accident Proneness
Zhang, S.-L., Jin, H., Song, Y., Yu, W.-S., & Sun, L. (2016) · Frontiers of Engineering Management · doi:10.15302/j-fem-2016008 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Winterstein, A. G., Li, Y., Gerhard, T., Linden, S., & Shuster, J. J. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054720915768 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Long-term Efficacy of ADHD Pharmacotherapy in Children
Gilchrist, R. H., & Arnold, L. E. (2008) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20080101-03 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Madaan, V., Bhaskar, S., Donnelly, G. A. E., & Cox, D. J. (2024) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547241226634 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationLange, A., Keller, K., & Lakämper, S. (2020) · Rechtsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00194-020-00418-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Thorndike, F. P., Cox, N. J., Merkel, L., Moore, M., Burket, R. C., Muller, C., & Kovatchev, B. P. (2005) · International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design (Driving Assessment Conference) · doi:10.17077/drivingassessment.1172 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationKooij, J. J. S. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4138-9_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effects of Psychopharmacological Medicines upon Driving Ability
Brunnauer, A., & Laux, G. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_267 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Genomewide association study on fallible behavior of accident-repeated driver in China
Jin, H., Zhang, S., Song, Y., & Yu, W.-S. (2013)
Pediatric issues in underwriting.
Cooper, S. L. (2005) · PubMed
OP-ED The Pharmacologically Enhanced Physician
Cheshire, W. P. (2008)
Using Driving Simulators to Expand Moose Perception Data: Some Results and Validity Issues
Desroches, P., Varden, A., Nonnecke, B., & Trick, L. M. (2007) · SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series · doi:10.4271/2007-01-0707
González‐Garrido, A. A., de la Serna, J. M., Barrios, F. A., Gómez‐Velázquez, F. R., Ramos‐Loyo, J., & León, H. C. (2009)
Jensen, P. S. (2006) · Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health · doi:10.1016/s0084-3970(08)70050-1
From the Editor The Importance of Paying Attention to Sleep 541
Broderick, M. J., Frénette, É., & Sullivan, S. S. (2008)
Methylphenidate and Cognitive Performance
Yechiam, E., & Agay, N. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800634-4.00068-8
Fuermaier, A. B. M., Tucha, L., de Vries, S. D., Koerts, J., de Waard, D., Brookhuis, K., & Tucha, O. (2016) · Neuropraxis · doi:10.1007/s12474-015-0107-y
PERTURBAÇÃO DE HIPERACTIVIDADE E DÉFICE DE ATENÇÃO EM ADULTOS Implicações Médico-Legais
Guerreiro, D. F., Vieira, F., & Santos, J. C. (2011) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.20344/amp.1616
Arranz, F. J., & Ros, S. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527619337.ch17
Effects of Psychopharmacological Medicines upon Driving Ability
Brunnauer, A., & Laux, G. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_267-1
Calleja, J., & Uribarri, J. (2012) · Medwave · doi:10.5867/medwave.2012.08.5472
Current awareness in human psychopharmacology
(2004) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.632
&NA; (2007) · Drugs & Therapy Perspectives · doi:10.2165/00042310-200723110-00003
Concussion Characteristics in Adults With ADHD Seen in a Specialty Concussion Clinic
Johnson, R., Swann‐Thomsen, H. E., Dillion, N., Palumbo, E., Pardue, K., Flint, H., & Nilsson, K. J. (2024) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547241292465
Long-term Efficacy of ADHD: Pharmacotherapy in Children
Gilchrist, R. H., & Arnold, L. E. (2008) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0090-4481-20080101-10
Okeefe, T. W., Watling, C. N., & Winterbotham, S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7572063
- Authors
- Cox, D. J., Humphrey, J. W., Merkel, R. L., Penberthy, J. K., & Kovatchev, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- University of Virginia Health System (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
- Published
- 2004-07-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 235-239
- ISSN
- 1557-2625 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-7118
- OpenAlex
- W2133838173
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 6.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, methylphenidate, adolescents, driving performance, inattention, road safety, psychostimulants, drug dosing
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Automobile Driving, Drug Administration Schedule, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Methylphenidate, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
