Global Issues Related to the Impact of Untreated Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder From Childhood to Young Adulthood
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, chronic, and costly disorder, with an impact that can span from preschool into adulthood. There are safe and effective therapies that can manage and help prevent many of the associated negative outcomes of ADHD, but treatment rates are far from optimal and considerable obstacles exist in achieving satisfactory treatment adherence. Individuals with untreated ADHD, their families, and other caregivers must be made aware of the impact that this disorder may have on them at every stage of life and, correspondingly, the improved outcomes that can be achieved with the successful management of ADHD.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
(1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.12.1073 · Cited by 3,372 · see citing works
Biederman, J. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.816 · Cited by 1,498 · see citing works
Hyperactive Boys Almost Grown Up: I. Psychiatric Status
Gittelman, R. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790330017002 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
BIEDERMAN, J., MONUTEAUX, M. C., MICK, E., SPENCER, T., WILENS, T. E., SILVA, J. M., SNYDER, L. E., & FARAONE, S. V. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291705006410 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
Hoza, B., Mrug, S., Gerdes, A. C., Hinshaw, S. P., Bukowski, W. M., Gold, J. A., Kraemer, H. C., Pelham, W. E., Wigal, T., & Arnold, L. E. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.3.411 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Pelham, W. E., Gnagy, E. M., Burrows-Maclean, L., Williams, A., Fabiano, G. A., Morrisey, S. M., Chronis, A. M., Forehand, G. L., Nguyen, C. A., Hoffman, M. T., et al. (2001) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.107.6.e105 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
The marital and family functioning of adults with ADHD and their spouses
Eakin, L., Minde, K., Hechtman, L., Ochs, E., Krane, E., Bouffard, R., Greenfield, B., & Looper, K. (2004) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705470400800101 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Comorbidities and Costs of Adult Patients Diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Secnik, K., Swensen, A., & Lage, M. J. (2005) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.2165/00019053-200523010-00008 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Greene, R. W., Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Sienna, M., & Garcia-Jetton, J. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.65.5.758 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Biederman, J., Monuteaux, M. C., Spencer, T., Wilens, T. E., MacPherson, H. A., & Faraone, S. V. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07091486 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Birnbaum, H. G., Kessler, R. C., Lowe, S. W., Secnik, K., Greenberg, P. E., Leong, S. A., & Swensen, A. R. (2005) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079904x20303 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: increased costs for patients and their families
SWENSEN, A. R., BIRNBAUM, H. G., SECNIK, K., MARYNCHENKO, M., GREENBERG, P., & CLAXTON, A. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200312000-00008 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Psychosocial Interventions in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Antshel, K. M., & Barkley, R. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.005 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationContinuity of Methylphenidate Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Marcus, S. C., Wan, G. J., Kemner, J. E., & Olfson, M. (2005) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.159.6.572 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Ernst, M., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Moolchan, E. T., Leff, M. K., Allen, R., Eshel, N., London, E. D., & Kimes, A. (2006) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0704 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Perwien, A. R., Hall, J., Swensen, A., & Swindle, R. (2004) · Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2004.10.2.122 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Prospective study of adolescent drug use among community samples of ADHD and non-ADHD participants
AUGUST, G. J., WINTERS, K. C., REALMUTO, G. M., FAHNHORST, T., BOTZET, A., & LEE, S. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000219831.16226.f8 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Cox, D. J., Humphrey, J. W., Merkel, R. L., Penberthy, J. K., & Kovatchev, B. (2004) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.17.4.235 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Cox, D. J., Merkel, R. L., Moore, M., Thorndike, F., Muller, C., & Kovatchev, B. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2947 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Does Childhood Treatment of ADHD With Stimulant Medication Affect Substance Abuse in Adulthood?
Volkow, N. D., & Swanson, J. M. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08020237 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents
Bukstein, O. G. (2000) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2000.10400213 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cortese, S., Holtmann, M., Banaschewski, T., Buitelaar, J., Coghill, D., Danckaerts, M., Dittmann, R. W., Graham, J., Taylor, E., Sergeant, J., et al. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12036 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Developmental Twin Study of Attention Problems: High Heritabilities Throughout Development
Chang, Z., Lichtenstein, P., Asherson, P. J., & Larsson, H. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.287 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Meppelink, R., de Bruin, E. I., & Bögels, S. M. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0978-3 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Baziar, S., Aqamolaei, A., Khadem, E., Mortazavi, S. H., Naderi, S., Sahebolzamani, E., Mortezaei, A., Jalilevand, S., Mohammadi, M.-R., Shahmirzadi, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2018.0146 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
- Authors
- Barkley, R. A.
- Affiliations
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barkley, Russell A.
- ORCID
- Barkley, Russell A.
- Venue
- Postgraduate Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 48-59
- ISSN
- 0032-5481 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-9260
- OpenAlex
- W2274994373
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 0.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Postgraduate Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Janssen Scientific Affairs
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, untreated ADHD, long-term outcomes, early adulthood, medication adherence, treatment rates, caregiver awareness, family impact, chronic disease, economic burden
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Educational Status, Family Relations, Humans, Quality of Life, Social Behavior, Cost of Illness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review