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Cited by 119Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMaternal and Neonatal HealthcareChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Maternal Depressive Symptomatology: 16-Month Follow-up of Infant and Maternal Health-Related Quality of Life

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Darcy, J. M., Grzywacz, J. G., Stephens, R. L., Leng, I., Clinch, C. R., Arcury, T. A.·2011·The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
DOI 10.3122/jabfm.2011.03.100201PMC PMC3114440
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Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to document risk factors for depressive symptoms during the postpartum period among working mothers and to determine longitudinal effects of depressive symptoms on maternal health-related quality of life and infant health and development. METHODS: Mother-infant dyads from a community-based cohort study of working mothers were recruited when infants were 4 months old and were interviewed every 4 months until infants were 16 months old. Depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Short Form-12 Health Survey, respectively. Infant development and health-related quality of life were measured with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Infant-Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS: Depressive symptoms were elevated among mothers who were younger, less educated, African American, unmarried, and impoverished. Mothers with significant depressive symptoms had significantly poorer physical and mental health-related quality of life, reported greater pain for their infant, and had more health-related concerns about their child. Maternal depressive symptoms at 4 months predicted infant poorer health-related quality of life at 8, 12, and 16 months. CONCLUSIONS: Several characteristics, including age, education level, race, marital status, and poverty, can help primary care physicians identify working mothers at risk for depressive symptoms. Identification of these symptoms is important; they are correlated with poorer maternal health-related quality of life and they predict poorer children's health-related quality of life.

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  • Women with PPD had lower scores on all dimensions of quality of life than women without PPD.

    “Women with PPD had lower scores on all dimensions of quality of life (e.g. SF-36 or a generic Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaire) than women without PPD.”

    From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [48]

    The Results report lower physical and mental quality-of-life scores among mothers with significant postpartum depressive symptoms. But the Methods (Measures) say the study used the SF-12 and reported two composite scores, not every quality-of-life dimension or the SF-36. The Results also say the physical-health association was nonsignificant in the multivariate analysis. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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  • Infants of depressed mothers had greater overall pain.

    “Two studies reported greater overall pain in the infants of depressed mothers48 and a stronger infant pain response during routine vaccinations.123”

    From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [48]

    The Results report that mothers with significant depressive symptoms rated their infants as having more pain or discomfort. The Discussion cautions that these self-reports cannot establish whether the infants actually experienced more pain, so the unqualified claim overstates the finding. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Three studies demonstrated a significantly negative association between maternal depressive symptoms and quality of life.

    “Three studies48,86,88 demonstrated a significantly negative association between maternal depressive symptoms and quality of life.”

    From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [48]

  • Mothers with significant depressive symptoms had significantly worse physical (p = 0.02) and mental (< 0.0001) health-related quality of life.

    “Mothers with significant depressive symptoms had significantly worse physical (p = 0.02) and mental (< 0.0001) health-related quality of life.”

    From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [48]

  • After controlling for mental health-related quality of life earlier in the postpartum period, there was no difference in subsequent mental health-related quality of life according to the presence of significant depressive symptoms later in the postpartum period.

    “However, one of the three studies showed that after controlling for mental health-related quality of life earlier in the postpartum period, there was no difference in the subsequent mental health-related quality of life according to the presence of significant depressive symptoms later in the postpartum period.48”

    From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [48]

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Authors
Darcy, J. M., Grzywacz, J. G., Stephens, R. L., Leng, I., Clinch, C. R., & Arcury, T. A.
Affiliations
Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author
Grzywacz, J. G.
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Publisher
American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM)
Published
2011-05-01
Volume
24
Issue
3
Pages
249-257
ISSN
  • 1557-2625 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-7118
DOI
10.3122/jabfm.2011.03.100201
PMC
PMC3114440
OpenAlex
W2044852839
Cited by
119
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
FWCI
5.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD048601, HD48601)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
maternal depressive symptoms, postpartum depression, working mothers, health-related quality of life, infant development, risk factors, poverty, marital status, race, educational attainment, infant pain
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Infant Welfare, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Welfare, Mother-Child Relations, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Chi-Square Distribution, Depression, Postpartum, Young Adult

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