Cited by 139Electronic Health Records SystemsNursing Diagnosis and DocumentationMedical Coding and Health Information

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The Use of Medical Scribes in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review and Future Directions

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Shultz, C. G., Holmstrom, H. L.·2015·The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

DOI 10.3122/jabfm.2015.03.140224

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Electronic health records (EHRs) hold promise to improve productivity, quality, and outcomes; however, using EHRs can be cumbersome, disruptive to workflow, and off-putting to patients and clinicians. One proposed solution to this problem is the use of medical scribes. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the literature investigating the effect of medical scribes on health care productivity, quality, and outcomes. Implications for future research are discussed. METHODS: A keyword search of the Cochrane Library, OvidSP Medline database, and Embase database from January 2000 through September 2014 was performed using the terms scribe or scribes in the title or abstract. To ensure no potentially eligible articles were missed, a second search was done using Google Scholar. English-language, peer-reviewed studies assessing the effect of medical scribes on health care productivity, quality, and outcomes were retained. Identified studies were assessed and the findings reported. RESULTS: Five studies were identified. Three studies assessed scribe use in an emergency department, 1 in a cardiology clinic, and 1 in a urology clinic. Two of 3 studies reported scribes had no effect on patient satisfaction; 2 of 2 reported improved clinician satisfaction; 2 of 3 reported an increase in the number of patients; 2 of 2 reported an increase in the number of relative value units per hour; 1 of 1 reported increased revenue; 3 of 4 reported improved time-related efficiencies; and 1 of 1 reported improved patient-clinician interactions. CONCLUSIONS: Available evidence suggests medical scribes may improve clinician satisfaction, productivity, time-related efficiencies, revenue, and patient-clinician interactions. Because the number of studies is small, and because each study suffered important limitations, confidence in the reliability of the evidence is significantly constrained. Given the nascent state of the science, methodologically rigorous and sufficiently powered studies are greatly needed.

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Authors: Shultz, C. G., & Holmstrom, H. L.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Venue: The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Publisher: American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM)
Published: 2015-05-01
Volume: 28
Issue: 3
Pages: 371-381
ISSN: 1557-2625 (ISSN-L)
1558-7118
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.03.140224
OpenAlex: W1902469417
Cited by: 139
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5
FWCI: 1.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Electronic Health Records Systems
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing Diagnosis and Documentation
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Medical Coding and Health Information
Keywords: medical scribes, electronic health records, health care productivity, quality of care, patient satisfaction, provider satisfaction, patient-clinician interaction, emergency department, cardiology clinic, urology clinic, relative value units, healthcare revenue
MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel, Documentation, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Quality of Health Care, Patient Satisfaction, Efficiency, Organizational, Workflow, Electronic Health Records

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The Use of Medical Scribes in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review and Future Directions

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