Impact of scribes on physician satisfaction, patient satisfaction, and charting efficiency: a randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE Scribes are increasingly being used in clinical practice despite a lack of high-quality evidence regarding their effects. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of medical scribes on physician satisfaction, patient satisfaction, and charting efficiency. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial in which physicians in an academic family medicine clinic were randomized to 1 week with a scribe then 1 week without a scribe for the course of 1 year. Scribes drafted all relevant documentation, which was reviewed by the physician before attestation and signing. In encounters without a scribe, the physician performed all charting duties. Our outcomes were physician satisfaction, measured by a 5-item instrument that included physicians’ perceptions of chart quality and chart accuracy; patient satisfaction, measured by a 6-item instrument; and charting efficiency, measured by time to chart close. RESULTS Scribes improved all aspects of physician satisfaction, including overall satisfaction with clinic (OR = 10.75), having enough face time with patients (OR = 3.71), time spent charting (OR = 86.09), chart quality (OR = 7.25), and chart accuracy (OR = 4.61) (all P values <.001). Scribes had no effect on patient satisfaction. Scribes increased the proportion of charts that were closed within 48 hours (OR =1.18, P =.028). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, we have conducted the first randomized controlled trial of scribes. We found that scribes produced significant improvements in overall physician satisfaction, satisfaction with chart quality and accuracy, and charting efficiency without detracting from patient satisfaction. Scribes appear to be a promising strategy to improve health care efficiency and reduce physician burnout.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Strategies to reduce documentation burden, including team documentation, automatic speech recognition technologies, and 2021 E&M coding changes have been implemented with variable impact.
“Strategies to reduce documentation burden, including team documentation, 9-13 automatic speech recognition technologies, 14 and 2021 E&M coding changes 15 have been implemented with variable impact.16”
From Ambient artificial intelligence scribes: utilization and impact on documentation time (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
The Physician Satisfaction, Charting Efficiency, and Discussion sections report that scribes improved physician satisfaction and chart-closing time but did not change patient satisfaction. This supports variable impact for team documentation, but the paper does not evaluate automatic speech recognition or the 2021 E&M coding changes, so it cannot establish the impact of those strategies. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Multiple significance tests: the Bonferroni method
Bland, M., & Altman, D. G. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6973.170 · Cited by 3,898 · see citing works
From Triple to Quadruple Aim: Care of the Patient Requires Care of the Provider
Bodenheimer, T., & Sinsky, C. (2014) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.1713 · Cited by 3,462 · see citing works
Shanafelt, T. D., Hasan, O., Dyrbye, L. N., Sinsky, C., Satele, D., Sloan, J., & West, C. P. (2015) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.08.023 · Cited by 2,885 · see citing works
Allocation of Physician Time in Ambulatory Practice: A Time and Motion Study in 4 Specialties
Sinsky, C., Colligan, L., Li, L., Prgomet, M., Reynolds, S., Goeders, L., Westbrook, J., Tutty, M., & Blike, G. (2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m16-0961 · Cited by 1,494 · see citing works
Benefits and drawbacks of electronic health record systems
Menachemi, N., & Collum (2011) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s12985 · Cited by 909 · see citing works
Boonstra, A., & Broekhuis, M. (2010) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-231 · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Friedberg, M., Chen, P., Van Busum, K., Aunon, F., Pham, C., Caloyeras, J., Mattke, S., Pitchforth, E., Quigley, D., Brook, R., et al. (2014) · RAND Health Quarterly · doi:10.7249/rhq-03-04-01 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Iglehart, J. K. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200112273452617 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Health IT and Patient Safety: Building Safer Systems for Better Care
Chou, D. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.308.21.2282-a · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Shachak, A., & Reis, S. P. (2009) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01065.x · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Clinical Benefits of Electronic Health Record Use: National Findings
King, J., Patel, V., Jamoom, E. W., & Furukawa, M. F. (2013) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12135 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Time Spent in Face-to-Face Patient Care and Work Outside the Examination Room
Gottschalk, A. (2005) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.404 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Holroyd-Leduc, J. M., Lorenzetti, D., Straus, S. E., Sykes, L., & Quan, H. (2011) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2010-000019 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Implementation of the Federal Health Information Technology Initiative
Blumenthal, D. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsr1112158 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Wiring the Health System — Origins and Provisions of a New Federal Program
Blumenthal, D. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsr1110507 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The Use of Medical Scribes in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review and Future Directions
Shultz, C. G., & Holmstrom, H. L. (2015) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2015.03.140224 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
A brief instrument to measure patients' overall satisfaction with primary care physicians.
Hojat, M., Louis, D. Z., Maxwell, K., Markham, F. W., Wender, R. C., & Gonnella, J. S. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Physicians’ Attitudes Towards Copy and Pasting in Electronic Note Writing
O’Donnell, H. C., Kaushal, R., Barrón, Y., Callahan, M. A., Adelman, R. D., & Siegler, E. L. (2008) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0843-2 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Copy and Paste: A Remediable Hazard of Electronic Health Records
Siegler, E. L., & Adelman, R. D. (2009) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.02.010 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The Burden of Inbox Notifications in Commercial Electronic Health Records
Murphy, D. R., Meyer, A. N. D., Russo, E. M., Sittig, D. F., Wei, L., & Singh, H. (2016) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.0209 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The Rise of the Medical Scribe Industry
Gellert, G. A., Ramirez, R., & Webster, S. L. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.17128 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Bank, A. J., Obetz, C. L., Konrardy, A., Khan, A. H., Pillai, K., McKinley, B., Gage, R., Turnbull, M., & Kenney, B. (2013) · ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research · doi:10.2147/ceor.s49010 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Scribes in an Ambulatory Urology Practice: Patient and Physician Satisfaction
Koshy, S., Feustel, P. J., Hong, M., & Kogan, B. A. (2010) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.040 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Patient Care Outside of Office Visits: A Primary Care Physician Time Study
Chen, M. A., Hollenberg, J. P., Michelen, W., Peterson, J. C., & Casalino, L. P. (2010) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1494-7 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Physician Activities During Time Out of the Examination Room
Gilchrist, V. J. (2005) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.391 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Heaton, H. A., Castañeda-Guarderas, A., Trotter, E. R., Erwin, P. J., & Bellolio, F. (2016) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2016.07.056 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Meaningful Use of Electronic Health Records: Experiences From the Field and Future Opportunities
Slight, S. P., Berner, E. S., Galanter, W., Huff, S. M., Lambert, B. L., Lannon, C., Lehmann, C. U., McCourt, B. J., McNamara, M., Menachemi, N., et al. (2015) · JMIR Medical Informatics · doi:10.2196/medinform.4457 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The Impact of Electronic Health Records on Workflow and Financial Measures in Primary Care Practices
Fleming, N. S., Becker, E. R., Culler, S. D., Cheng, D., McCorkle, R., da Graca, B., & Ballard, D. J. (2013) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12133 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hess, J., Wallenstein, J., Ackerman, J. D., Akhter, M., Ander, D. S., Keadey, M. T., & Capes, J. (2015) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2015.6.25432 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Physician, Scribe, and Patient Perspectives on Clinical Scribes in Primary Care
Chen, Y., Rose, S. L., Rothberg, M. B., Mercer, M. B., Goodman, K., & Misra‐Hebert, A. D. (2016) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3719-x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Annual impact of scribes on physician productivity and revenue in a cardiology clinic
Bank, A. J., & Gage, R. (2015) · ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research · doi:10.2147/ceor.s89329 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Physician, Scribe, and Patient Perspectives on Clinical Scribes in Primary Care
Misra‐Hebert, A. D., Chen, Y., & Rothberg, M. B. (2016) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3888-7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Medical scribes: How do their notes stack up?
Misra‐Hebert, A. D., Amah, L., Rabovsky, A., Morrison, S. L., Cantave, M. D., Hu, B., Sinsky, C. A., & Rothberg, M. B. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 49 · see citing works
An economic evaluation of the costs of training a medical scribe to work in Emergency Medicine
Walker, K., Dunlop, W. A., Liew, D., Staples, M., Johnson, M., Ben‐Meir, M., Rodda, H., Turner, I., & Phillips, D. G. (2016) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emermed-2016-205934 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Copy and Paste of Electronic Health Records: A Modern Medical Illness
Markel, A. (2010) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.10.012 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Using medical scribes in a physician practice.
Campbell, L. L., Case, D., Crocker, J., Foster, M., Johnson, M., Lee, C. A., McNicholas, F. C. M., Miller, J. F., Parman, C., Rose, A. D., et al. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Next big thing: integrating medical scribes into academic medical centres
Lin, S., Khoo, J. W., & Schillinger, E. (2016) · BMJ Simulation & Technology Enhanced Learning · doi:10.1136/bmjstel-2015-000054 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationClarification: Safe use of scribes in clinical settings.
(2011) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Shanafelt, T. D., West, C. P., Sinsky, C., Trockel, M., Tutty, M., Satele, D. V., Carlasare, L. E., & Dyrbye, L. N. (2019) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.10.023 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
“Median (IQR) 50 (40-60) d 50 (40-60) 50 (40-60) <40 961 (18.”
Physician Burnout in the Electronic Health Record Era: Are We Ignoring the Real Cause?
Downing, N. L., Bates, D. W., & Longhurst, C. A. (2018) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m18-0139 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Adler‐Milstein, J., Zhao, W., Willard‐Grace, R., Knox, M. J., & Grumbach, K. (2019) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocz220 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
“04 Nurse practitioner Self-reported survey No 78 (90) Yes 9 (10) Scribe Administrative data No 76 (87) Yes 11 (13) Burnout Cynicism Self-reported survey Low 57 (66) High 30 (34) Exhaustion Low 43 (49) High 44 (51) Subjective EHR measures Perceived EHR proficiency Self-reported survey Optimal 14 (16) Good 41 (47) Satis…”
BackgroundAssociation of Electronic Health Record Design and Use Factors With Clinician Stress and Burnout
Kroth, P. J., Morioka-Douglas, N., Veres, S., Babbott, S. F., Poplau, S., Qeadan, F., Parshall, C., Corrigan, K., & Linzer, M. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9609 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Moy, A. J., Schwartz, J. M., Chen, R., Sadri, S., Lucas, E., Cato, K. D., & Rossetti, S. C. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa325 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
“Limitations and biases reported Two limitations were ubiquitous across included studies (Table 4): (a) threats to generalizability due to constraints in sample size (n1⁄419), study setting (n1⁄421), patient population,(57,77) EHR system (n1⁄46),(58,60,61,70,75,78,81) activity type,(76) clinician role or seniority,(57,…”
BackgroundPhysician Time Spent Using the Electronic Health Record During Outpatient Encounters
Overhage, J. M., & McCallie, D. P. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m18-3684 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Fox, K. E., Johnson, S. T., Berkman, L. F., Sianoja, M., Soh, Y., Kubzansky, L. D., & Kelly, E. L. (2022) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2021.1969476 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
“Three studies are conducted in the healthcare industry and provide additional resources to physicians, nurses, and community healthcare workers, such as scribes to support physicians (Gidwani et al., 2017; Rickard et al., 2012; Vallières et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialHealing the Professional Culture of Medicine
Shanafelt, T. D., Schein, E. H., Minor, L. B., Trockel, M., Schein, P. A., & Kirch, D. G. (2019) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.03.026 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Shah, S. J., Devon-Sand, A., Ma, S. P., Jeong, Y., Crowell, T., Smith, M., Liang, A. S., Delahaie, C., Hsia, C., Shanafelt, T., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae295 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of Organization-Directed Workplace Interventions on Physician Burnout: A Systematic Review
DeChant, P. F., Acs, A., Rhee, K. B., Boulanger, T. S., Snowdon, J. L., Tutty, M. A., Sinsky, C. A., & Thomas Craig, K. J. (2019) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes · doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2019.07.006 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
“Mayo Clin Proc Inn Qual Out n December 2019 completion have reduced burnout, reallocated time for clinical care, and improved face-toface patient interactions.(23,24,26,27,30,35) In support of these findings, a recent Veterans Health Administration study determined that physician burnout was more prevalent when tasks…”
BackgroundResultAmbient artificial intelligence scribes: utilization and impact on documentation time
Ma, S. P., Liang, A. S., Shah, S. J., Smith, M., Jeong, Y., Devon-Sand, A., Crowell, T., Delahaie, C., Hsia, C., Lin, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae304 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationThe digital scribe in clinical practice: a scoping review and research agenda
van Buchem, M. M., Boosman, H., Bauer, M. P., Kant, I. M. J., Cammel, S. A., & Steyerberg, E. W. (2021) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-021-00432-5 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Organizational strategies to reduce physician burnout and improve professional fulfillment
Olson, K. D., Marchalik, D., Farley, H. L., Dean, S. M., Lawrence, E., Hamidi, M. S., Rowe, S. G., McCool, J. M., O’Donovan, C. A., Micek, M. A., et al. (2019) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2019.100664 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Association of medical scribes in primary care with physician workflow and patient experience
Mishra, P., Kiang, J. C., & Grant, R. W. (2018) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.3956 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Burnout, Depression, and Diminished Well-Being among Physicians
Guille, C., & Sen, S. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2302878 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Thomas Craig, K. J., Willis, V. C., Gruen, D., Rhee, K., & Jackson, G. P. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa301 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“Other notable comparator groups included use of standard (eg, nonenhanced) technologies,(20,48,62,75) paper charting,(66) no intervention,(58,59) and crossover periods without intervention.(39,70) Interventions were conducted in multiple settings, but most evaluated primary care (22 studies) physicians and residents.”
BackgroundPhysician Burnout: Causes, Consequences, and (?) Cures
Fred, H. L., & Scheid, M. S. (2018) · Texas Heart Institute Journal · doi:10.14503/thij-18-6842 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“Scribes may reduce the data-entry workload of physicians, increase physician satisfaction with patient visits, improve chart quality and accuracy, and not detract from patient satisfaction.(19) Clearly, changes to the EHR are necessary.”
BackgroundKernberg, A., Gold, J. A., & Mohan, V. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/54419 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Coiera, E., Kocaballi, B., Halamka, J., & Laranjo, L. (2018) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-018-0066-9 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Physician Burnout: Resilience Training is Only Part of the Solution
Card, A. J. (2018) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.2223 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Albrecht, M., Shanks, D., Shah, T., Hudson, T., Thompson, J., Filardi, T., Wright, K., Ator, G. A., & Smith, T. R. (2024) · JAMIA Open · doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaf013 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Harris, D. A., Haskell, J., Cooper, E., Crouse, N., & Gardner, R. (2018) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2018.06.014 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Reimagining Clinical Documentation With Artificial Intelligence
Lin, S., Shanafelt, T. D., & Asch, S. M. (2018) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.016 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationBeyond human ears: navigating the uncharted risks of AI scribes in clinical practice
Topaz, M., Peltonen, L., & Zhang, Z. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01895-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The emergence of new data work occupations in healthcare: The case of medical scribes
Bossen, C., Chen, Y., & Pine, K. H. (2019) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.01.001 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Digital Orthopaedics: A Glimpse Into the Future in the Midst of a Pandemic
Bini, S. A., Schilling, P. L., Patel, S. P., Kalore, N. V., Ast, M. P., Maratt, J. D., Schuett, D. J., Lawrie, C. M., Chung, C. C., & Steele, G. D. (2020) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.048 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Although randomized control trials have shown that access to scribes can decrease charting time and increase physician satisfaction [2], little is known about the impact of digital scribes on patient or decreasing physician burnout.”
Organizational Factors Affecting Physician Well-Being
Tawfik, D. S., Profit, J., Webber, S. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2019) · Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s40746-019-00147-6 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Virtual Scribes and Physician Time Spent on Electronic Health Records
Rotenstein, L. S., Melnick, E. R., Iannaccone, C. K., Zhang, J., Mugal, A., Lipsitz, S. R., Healey, M. J., Holland, C. J., Snyder, R. H., Sinsky, C. A., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13140 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Gottlieb, M. A., Palter, J. S., Westrick, J. C., & Peksa, G. D. (2020) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.07.031 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Role of Health Information Technology in Addressing Health Disparities
Zhang, X., Hailu, B., Tabor, D. C., Gold, R. B., Sayre, M. H., Sim, I., Jean‐Francois, B., Casnoff, C. A., Cullen, T., Thomas, V. A., et al. (2019) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000001092 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Creating a “Manageable Cockpit” for Clinicians
Sinsky, C. A., & Privitera, M. R. (2018) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.0575 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Rotenstein, L. S., Holmgren, A. J., Thombley, R. L., Sriram, A., Dbouk, R. H., Jost, M., Aizenberg, D. A., MacDonald, S. T., Kanaparthy, N. S., Williams, B., et al. (2026) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2026.2253 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The effect of ambient artificial intelligence notes on provider burnout.
Misurac, J., Knake, L. A., & Blum, J. M. (2025) · Applied Clinical Informatics · doi:10.1055/a-2461-4576 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Electronic health record usability, satisfaction, and burnout for family physicians.
Holmgren, A. J., Hendrix, N., Maisel, N., Everson, J., Bazemore, A., Rotenstein, L., Phillips, R. L., & Adler-Milstein, J. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.26956 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Walker, K., Ben‐Meir, M., Dunlop, W. A., Rosler, R., West, A., O’Connor, G., Chan, T., Badcock, D., Putland, M., Hansen, K., et al. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l121 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Tawfik, D. S., Sinha, A., Bayati, M., Adair, K. C., Shanafelt, T. D., Sexton, J. B., & Profit, J. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/26817 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Measuring Documentation Burden in Healthcare
Murad, M. H., Stelling, B. E. V., West, C. P., Hasan, B., Simha, S., Saadi, S. M., Firwana, M., Viola, K. E., Prokop, L. J., Nayfeh, T., et al. (2024) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-024-08956-8 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Burnout among clinical pharmacists: Causes, interventions, and a call to action
Hagemann, T. M., Reed, B. N., Bradley, B. A., Clements, J. N., Cohen, L. J., Coon, S. A., Derington, C. G., DiScala, S., El‐Ibiary, S. Y., Lee, K. C., et al. (2020) · JACCP JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY · doi:10.1002/jac5.1256 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“70,72 Major criticisms of EMRs are that they are labor-intensive (eg, documentation as required for regulatory compliance) and detract from patient care, contributing to what some have called a “ moral injury.”
Palm, E., Manikantan, A., Mahal, H., Belwadi, S. S., & Pepin, M. E. (2025) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1691499 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Care-Centered Clinical Documentation in the Digital Environment: Solutions to Alleviate Burnout
Ommaya, A. K., Cipriano, P. F., Hoyt, D. B., Horvath, K. A., Tang, P. C., Health, I. W., Paz, H. L., Aetna, DeFrancesco, M. S., Hingle, S. T., et al. (2018) · NAM Perspectives · doi:10.31478/201801c · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Although not addressing the underlying documentation challenges, scribes or team-support mechanisms for documentation enhance physician satisfaction, increase time with patients, and advance charting efficiency [47].”
McClafferty, H. H., Hubbard, D., Foradori, D. M., Brown, M. L., Profit, J., Tawfik, D. S., & MEDICINE, S. O. I. (2022) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-059665 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Impact of Medical Scribes in Primary Care on Productivity, Face-to-Face Time, and Patient Comfort
Zallman, L., Finnegan, K. E., Roll, D. L., Todaro, M., Oneiz, R., & Sayah, A. J. (2018) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2018.04.170325 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“The others were a quality improvement study not designed to create generalizable knowledge(18) and a research study that measured satisfaction with documentation time as a proxy for documentation time.(19) Thus, the impact of medical scribes on PCP productivity remains unclear.”
BackgroundElectronic Health Record Optimization and Clinician Well-Being: A Potential Roadmap Toward Action
Shah, T., Kitts, A. B., Gold, J. A., Horvath, K. A., Ommaya, A., Opelka, F. G., Sato, L., Schwarze, G., Upton, M., & Sandy, L. (2020) · NAM Perspectives · doi:10.31478/202008a · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Available Now The use of medical scribes, or nonclinical staff who collect and enter data into EHRs in real time for the clinician, eff ectively reduces clinician time spent on documentation and provides other distinct advantages [20,21].”
BackgroundUse of an AI scribe and electronic health record efficiency
Pearlman, K., Wan, W., Shah, S., & Laiteerapong, N. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.37000 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Tran, B. D., Chen, Y., Liu, S., & Zheng, K. (2020) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa020 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Robots in healthcare as envisioned by care professionals
Soljacic, F., Law, T., Chita-Tegmark, M., & Scheutz, M. J. (2024) · Intelligent Service Robotics · doi:10.1007/s11370-024-00523-8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“One study found that overall physician satisfaction increased when a scribe took over the routine and time-consuming task of recording information in electronic health records[72].”
Physician EHR Time and Visit Volume Following Adoption of Team-Based Documentation Support
Apathy, N. C., Holmgren, A. J., & Cross, D. A. (2024) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.4123 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The effect of remote scribes on primary care physicians’ wellness, EHR satisfaction, and EHR use
Micek, M. A., Arndt, B. G., Baltus, J. J., Broman, A. T., Galang, J. S., Dean, S. M., Anderson, M., & Sinsky, C. A. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.hjdsi.2022.100663 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Safe use of the EHR by medical scribes: a qualitative study
Ash, J. S., Corby, S., Mohan, V., Solberg, N., Becton, J., Bergstrom, R., Orwoll, B., Hoekstra, C., & Gold, J. A. (2020) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa199 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Benjamin, I. J., Valentine, C. M., Oetgen, W. J., Sheehan, K. A., Brindis, R. G., Roach, W. H., Harrington, R. A., Levine, G. N., Redberg, R. F., Broccolo, B. M., et al. (2021) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000963 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Clinical Documentation and Patient Care Using Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Oncology
Luh, J. Y., Thompson, R. F., & Lin, S. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2019.05.044 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationOne Year of Family Physicians' Observations on Working with Medical Scribes
Sattler, A. L., Rydel, T. A., Nguyen, C. T., & Lin, S. (2018) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2018.01.170314 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The qualitative data used in this research were collected as part of a larger randomized controlled study of scribes, described elsewhere in the literature.(13) Physicians were assigned a schedule of 1 week practicing with a scribe alternating with 1 week without a scribe.”
MethodSelf-citationClinical Documentation for Intensivists: The Impact of Diagnosis Documentation
Sanderson, A. L., & Burns, J. P. (2019) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000004200 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“However, studies have shown overall improvements in physician satisfaction related to patient care, documentation, and work-life balance after the implementation of a scribe program (79, 85).”
BackgroundInterventions to Reduce Electronic Health Record-Related Burnout: A Systematic Review
Kang, C., & Sarkar, I. N. (2023) · Applied Clinical Informatics · doi:10.1055/a-2203-3787 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“…hospitals, 20,21,25,30,32,33,38,39,45,46,51,57,59 62,63 general internal medicine, 24,26,41,48,50,53,57,60 oncology, 23,27,29,43,54 family medicine, 35,52,56,61 urology, 36,47 general surgery, 34 dermatology, 44 and radiology practices, 42 large health networks and systems, 28,37,40,49,55 and…”
BackgroundPhysician Burnout and Timing of Electronic Health Record Use
Micek, M. A., Arndt, B. G., Tuan, W., Trowbridge, E. R., Dean, S. M., Lochner, J., Sampene, E., & Pandhi, N. (2020) · ACI Open · doi:10.1055/s-0039-3401815 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Indeed, physician satisfaction has been shown to improve with interventions that distribute EHR tasks to other members of the health care team, 23,24 enhance physicians ’ EHR ef fi ciency through pro fi - ciency training, 25,26 and improve note documentation.”
Naehrig, D. N., Schokman, A., Hughes, J. K., Epstein, R. M., Hickie, I. B., & Glozier, N. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046599 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Nguyen, O. T., Turner, K. L., Apathy, N. C., Magoč, T., Hanna, K., Merlo, L. J., Harle, C. A., Thompson, L. A., Berner, E. S., & Feldman, S. S. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocab272 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Owens, L. M., Wilda, J. J., Grifka, R. G., Westendorp, J., & Fletcher, J. J. (2024) · Applied Clinical Informatics · doi:10.1055/a-2337-4739 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“12 Anotherrecentrandomizedcontrolledtrialofvirtualscribesin a specialty clinic had similar fi ndings.”
The Use of Medical Scribes in Primary Care Settings
Ziemann, M., Erikson, C. E., & Krips, M. (2021) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000001605 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Heckman, J., Mukamal, K. J., Christensen, A., & Reynolds, E. E. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05352-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Factors contributing to burnout in dermatologists
Colon, A., Gillihan, R., & Motaparthi, K. (2020) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.02.002 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Concerns of Primary Care Clinicians Practicing in an Integrated Health System: a Qualitative Study
Anderson, E., Solch, A. K., Fincke, B. G., Meterko, M. M., Wormwood, J. B., & Vimalananda, V. G. (2020) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06193-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Productivity Requirements of Implementing a Medical Scribe Program
Miksanek, T. J., Skandari, M. R., Ham, S. A., Lee, W. W., Press, V. G., Brown, M. T., & Laiteerapong, N. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-0428 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Although Basu and colleagues modeled an initial period of decreased productivity with scribes, other studies have shown that productivity does not decrease as a scribe starts training and that physician satisfaction with a scribe does not change over time (12, 34).”
BackgroundBenjamin, I. J., Valentine, C. M., Oetgen, W. J., Sheehan, K. A., Brindis, R. G., Roach, W. H., Harrington, R. A., Levine, G. N., Redberg, R. F., Broccolo, B. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.04.004 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Pediatrician Electronic Health Record Time Use for Outpatient Encounters
Overhage, J. M., & Johnson, K. B. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-4017 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Abu, H. O., Anatchkova, M., Erskine, N. A. K., Lewis, J. M., McManus, D. D., Kiefe, C. I., & Santry, H. P. (2018) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2018.09.006 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Furthermore, given that most physicians would prefer to engage and spend time with their patients rather than with cumbersome electronic documentation and increasingly onerous regulatory requirements that are only peripherally related to patient care, efforts, such as the use of scribes to reduce the time needed for e…”
BackgroundElectronic Documentation in Pediatrics: The Rationale and Functionality Requirements
O’Donnell, H. C., Suresh, S., Webber, E. C., Alexander, G. M., Chung, S. L., Hamling, A. M., Kirkendall, E. S., Mann, A. M., Sadeghian, R., Shelov, E. D., et al. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-1682 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Research in this area is limited and has shown discrepancies in whether scribes have led to improvements in provider efficiency and satisfaction.(67,68) Technology to Enhance Data Reuse”
BackgroundRuppel, H., Bhardwaj, A., Manickam, R., Adler‐Milstein, J., Flagg, M., Ballesca, M. A., & Liu, V. X. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.0512 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Characteristic Searchesa (N = 4 328 330) Searches per user of search feature Median (IQR) 4 (1-28) Range 1-51 784 Time of day Morning (6:00-11:59 AM) 1 794 822 (41.”
BackgroundMetal-on-Metal Total Hip Revisions: Pearls and Pitfalls
Law, J. I., Crawford, D. A., Adams, J. B., & Lombardi, A. V. (2020) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2020.01.011 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Assessing the Efficacy and Clinical Utility of Artificial Intelligence Scribes in Urology
Moryousef, J., Nadesan, P., Uy, M., Matti, D., & Guo, Y. (2024) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2024.11.061 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
SummQA at MEDIQA-Chat 2023: In-Context Learning with GPT-4 for Medical Summarization
Mathur, Y., Rangreji, S., Kapoor, R., Palavalli, M., Bertsch, A., & Gormley, M. R. (2023) · Clinical Natural Language Processing Workshop (ClinicalNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.clinicalnlp-1.51 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Effect of Medical Scribes on Outpatient Oncology Visits at a Multidisciplinary Cancer Center
Gao, R. W., Dugala, A., Maxwell, J., Falconer, P., Birkeland, A. C., Divi, V., & Rosenthal, E. L. (2019) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/jop.19.00307 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Trockel, M., Menon, N. K., Makowski, M. S., Wen, L. Y., Roberts, R., Bohman, B. D., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2022) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.06.035 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Views of institutional leaders on maintaining humanism in today’s practice
Gilligan, M. C., Osterberg, L. G., Rider, E. A., Derse, A. R., Weil, A., Litzelman, D. K., Dunne, D., Hafler, J. P., Plews-Ogan, M., Frankel, R. M., et al. (2019) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2019.04.025 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“[47-48] Some of the work that needs to be done (e.”
BackgroundNorth, F., Matthews, M. R., Iqbal, A., Post, J. A., & Ebbert, J. O. (2025) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251403211 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Danak, S. U., Guetterman, T. C., Plegue, M. A., Holmstrom, H., Kadri, R., Duthler, A., Yoo, A., & Buis, L. R. (2019) · JMIR Medical Informatics · doi:10.2196/14797 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Overall, patients were pleased with the medical care they received and were satisfied, regardless of scribe presence, which is consistent with the literature [13,14].”
Thit, W. M., Thu, S. W. Y. M., Kaewkungwal, J., Soonthornworasiri, N., Theera-Ampornpunt, N., Kijsanayotin, B., Lawpoolsri, S., Naing, S., & Ngum, W. P. (2020) · Healthcare Informatics Research · doi:10.4258/hir.2020.26.3.185 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“EMR system deployment increases the quality of healthcare services [16] as well as physicians’ satisfaction [17].”
BackgroundResidents’ Perspectives on Careers in Academic Medicine:
Lin, S., Nguyen, C. T., Walters, E., & Gordon, P. (2018) · Family Medicine · doi:10.22454/fammed.2018.306625 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, S., Duong, A., Nguyen, C., & Teng, V. (2021) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000003757 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationBaxter, S. L., Gali, H. E., Chiang, M. F., Hribar, M. R., Lucila Ohno-machado, A., El-Kareh, R. E., Huang, A. E., Chen, H. E., Camp, A. S., Kikkawa, D. O., et al. (2020) · Applied Clinical Informatics · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1701255 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gagliardi, J. P., Bonanno, B., Hinz, E. M., Musser, R. C., Knudsen, N. W., Palko, M. J., McNair, F., Lee, H., & Clay, A. S. (2020) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000003729 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“This effect may extend to their supervising physicians, who have reported greater satisfaction when they are able to delegate elements of documentation.(13) Supervisors who spend less time on the intricacies of documentation may have more time to give to patients as well as learners.”
BackgroundDo You Know What Your Scribe Did Last Spring? The Impact of COVID-19 on Medical Scribe Workflow
Gold, J. A., Becton, J., Ash, J. S., Corby, S., & Mohan, V. (2020) · Applied Clinical Informatics · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1721396 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kwan, B. M., Hamer, M. K., Bailey, A., Cebuhar, K., Conry, C. M., & Smith, P. C. (2022) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-021-07246-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“This echoes findings of a prior study in which use of scribes in an academic family medicine setting improved physician satisfaction and clinic efficiency.(39) Staffing and scheduling should aim to ensure retention of the increased MA-clinician ratios and regular provider-MA pairings—supporting other reports that “non…”
ResultChandrasekaran, R., & Moustakas, E. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaf218 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Corby, S., Whittaker, K., Ash, J. S., Mohan, V., Becton, J., Solberg, N., Bergstrom, R., Orwoll, B., Hoekstra, C., & Gold, J. A. (2021) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01560-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Electronic Documentation in Pediatrics: The Rationale and Functionality Requirements
O’Donnell, H. C., Suresh, S., Webber, E. C., Alexander, G. M., Chung, S. L., Hamling, A. M., Kirkendall, E. S., Mann, A. M., Sadeghian, R., Shelov, E. D., et al. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-1684 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Clinical scribes and their association with patient experience in the otolaryngology clinic
Rohlfing, M. L., Keefe, K. R., Komshian, S. R., Valentine, A. D., Noordzij, J. P., Levi, J. R., & Brook, C. D. (2019) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.28075 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“There has beenmixed evidence on the timeliness of note and chart completion in the setting of outpatient scribe utilization.(13,17) Several studies have reported an increase in time spent in direct patient care when scribes were present.”
BackgroundResultThe Impact of Medical Scribes on Patient Satisfaction in an Academic Otolaryngology Clinic
Keefe, K. R., Levi, J. R., & Brook, C. D. (2019) · Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology · doi:10.1177/0003489419884337 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Self-developed survey (5 Press Ganey items) No difference Gidwani et al.(9) Primary care clinic Physician satisfaction Self-developed survey Increased”
MethodAlbrecht, M., Shanks, D., Shah, T., Hudson, T., Thompson, J., Filardi, T., Wright, K., Ator, G., & Smith, T. R. (2024) · doi:10.1101/2024.08.12.24311883 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Chart Completion Time of Attending Physicians While Using Medical Scribes.
Florig, S. T., Corby, S., Rosson, N. T., Devara, T., Weiskopf, N. G., Gold, J. A., & Mohan, V. (2021) · PubMed Central · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Frequency and Severity of Moral Distress in Nephrology Fellows: A National Survey
Saeed, F., Duberstein, P. R., Epstein, R. M., Lang, V. J., & Liebman, S. E. (2021) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000516575 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ong, S. Y., Jeffery, M. M., Williams, B., O’Connell, R. T., Goldstein, R. L., & Melnick, E. R. (2021) · NEJM Catalyst · doi:10.1056/cat.21.0294 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cauley, A., Green, A. R., & Gardiner, P. M. (2022) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/jicm.2021.0401 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Senken, B., Welch, J. L., Sarmiento, E. J., Weinstein, E., Cushman, E. L., & Kelker, H. P. (2024) · Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open · doi:10.1002/emp2.13315 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“2,6,12,22,23 By acknowledging the complexity in defining provider wellbeing, we chose to focus on the intersection of wellness and the clinical work environment to identify factors that impact shift satisfaction by role.”
BackgroundImpact of Scribe Intervention on Documentation in an Outpatient Pediatric Primary Care Practice
Jhaveri, P., Abdulahad, D., Fogel, B. N., Chuang, C. H., Lehman, E. B., Chawla, L., Foley, K. A., Phillips, T. A., & Levi, B. H. (2021) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2021.05.004 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Do Medical Scribes Help Primary Care Providers Respond More Quickly to Out-of-Visit Tasks?
Zallman, L., Altman, W., Chu, L., Touw, S., Rajagopal, K., Dolat, S., & Sayah, A. J. (2021) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2021.01.200330 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“12,14 Our fi ndings suggest that this time saved due to scribes does not result in quicker responses to out-of-visit tasks.”
BackgroundInfluentialPiersa, A. P., Laiteerapong, N., Ham, S. A., del Castillo, F. F., Shah, S. D., Burnet, D. L., & Lee, W. W. (2021) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06710-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“As initiatives such as OpenNotes, which promotes note sharing with patients, gain popularity [49, 50], the quality and readability of EHR notes co-authored by scribes may reduce patient confusion and improve patient satisfaction with their notes [33, 41].”
BackgroundResultTranscription Accuracy of Automatic Speech Recognition for Orthodontic Clinical Records
O’Kane, R., Stonehouse‐Smith, D., Ota, L. C. U., Patel, R., Johnson, N., Slipper, C., Seehra, J., Papageorgiou, S. N., & Cobourne, M. T. (2025) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345251382452 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“These interventions can reduce documentation burden, improve efficiency, and increase work satisfaction, but they require additional manpower in the form of a scribe (Gidwani et al. 2017; Mishra et al. 2018; Micek et al. 2022).”
Fogleman, B. M., Goldman, M., Holland, A. B., Dyess, G. A., & Patel, A. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.58032 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Increased provider and patient satisfaction and improved documentation efficiency [52].”
BackgroundImpact of Scribes on Medical Student Education:
Hafer, J., Wu, X., & Lin, S. (2018) · Family Medicine · doi:10.22454/fammed.2018.933777 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Gidwani, R., Nguyen, C., Kofoed, A., Carragee, C., Rydel, T., Nelligan, I., Sattler, A., Mahoney, M., & Lin, S.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Venue
- The Annals of Family Medicine
- Publisher
- Annals of Family Medicine
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 427-433
- ISSN
- 1544-1709 (ISSN-L)
- 1544-1717
- PMC
- PMC5593725
- OpenAlex
- W2754624876
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 31.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Annals of Family Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Electronic Health Records Systems
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Nursing Roles and Practices
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Medical Coding and Health Information
- Keywords
- medical scribes, physician satisfaction, patient satisfaction, electronic health record documentation, general practice, physician burnout, health care efficiency
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Documentation, Family Practice, Female, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Male, Middle Aged, Physicians, Family, Patient Satisfaction, Efficiency, Organizational
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
