Behavioral changes in group-housed dairy calves infected with Mannheimia haemolytica
Open accessAbstract
Monitoring sickness behavior may improve identification, management, and welfare of sick animals. The objective of this study was to characterize components of sickness behavior in group-housed dairy calves, using an experimental disease challenge model with Mannheimia haemolytica (MH). Holstein bull calves (aged 3–7 weeks; 58.0 ± 12.0 kg of body weight) were group-housed based on age and body weight in sand-bedded pens (6 calves/pen, 6.6 m 2 /calf) and provided pasteurized waste milk (8 L/d) 2×/d and grain concentrate ad libitum. Within group, calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: (1) inoculation at the tracheal bifurcation with 3 × 10 9 cfu of MH suspended in 5 mL of sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) followed by a 120 mL wash PBS (MH; n=12, 3/pen), or (2) inoculation with 5 mL + 120 mL of sterile PBS only (control; n=12, 3/pen). Rectal temperature and health scores were collected from d 0 to +6 of the challenge. A range of behaviors, including feeding patterns and social interactions, were recorded from video from d 0 to +2. The challenge model resulted in calves experiencing a mild disease state: rectal temperatures of MH calves were elevated throughout the challenge compared with control calves, peaking at 12 h postinoculation (39.2 vs. 38.9°C; standard error=0.14). Many behavioral responses were subject to treatment by day effects, with calves generally becoming less active following inoculation with MH and then returning to baseline. Affected behaviors surrounding feeding included milk feeding time, frequency of competitive displacements, and concentrate feeding time. Lying time was similarly subject to treatment by day effects, and MH calves also spent more time lying on their left side compared with their right (604 vs. 471 min/h; standard error=32), whereas control calves expressed no laterality. Duration of social lying did not differ, but frequency of social lying bouts decreased in MH calves following inoculation (0.44 vs. 0.75 bouts/h; standard error=0.04). Social grooming was initiated less by MH calves (0.78 vs. 1.96 min/h; standard error=0.38), but they tended to receive more social grooming for a greater duration of time (1.59 vs. 1.25 min/h; standard error=0.13). Overall, we found that infected calves exhibited reduced grooming, feeding, and social interactions, suggesting that these behavioral changes may be useful indicators of early stages of respiratory disease.
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Calves with poor weaning outcomes displayed a decreased drinking rate and shorter suckling times.
“The collected data from non-nutritive visits revealed that calves with poor weaning outcomes displayed a decreased drinking rate and shorter suckling times [104,230].”
From Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview (2024) · cites this paper as [230]
The Results (page not provided) report shorter nonnutritive suckling visits in calves inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica than in controls. The study examined a disease challenge, not poor weaning outcomes, and the cited passages do not report a decreased drinking rate; they report no difference in the frequency of nonnutritive visits. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Hixson, C. L., Krawczel, P. D., Caldwell, J. M., & Miller-Cushon, E. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miller-Cushon, E.K.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 10351-10360
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2892199289
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 5.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture (1005725)
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (1005725)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Keywords
- Mannheimia haemolytica, bovine respiratory disease, dairy calves, sickness behavior, group housing, rectal temperature, feeding behavior, social interaction, lying behavior, social grooming, animal welfare, Holstein bull calves, behavioral phenotyping, welfare interventions
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Body Weight, Cattle, Cattle Diseases, Edible Grain, Feeding Behavior, Grooming, Male, Random Allocation, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pneumonia of Calves, Enzootic
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