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Influence of Ensiling Temperature, Simulated Rainfall, and Delayed Sealing on Fermentation Characteristics and Aerobic Stability of Corn Silage
Open accessAbstract
The aim of this study was to determine how delayed silo sealing, high ensiling temperatures, and rainfall at harvest affect the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. One-half of each of 4 replicated, 6 x 1.5 m plots of a corn hybrid was harvested at 35% dry matter (Dry), and each of the other halves was harvested after they were sprinkled with sufficient water to simulate 4 mm of rainfall (Wet). Six representative (2 kg) subsamples were taken from the Wet and Dry forage piles and ensiled immediately (Prompt). Three hours later, 6 additional representative (2 kg) samples were taken from each pile and ensiled (Delay). Half of the bags from each moisture x sealing time treatment combination were stored for 82 d in a 40 degrees C incubator (Hot) and the other half were stored in a 20 degrees C air-conditioned room (Cool). A 2 (moisture treatments) x 2 (sealing times) x 2 (ensiling temperatures) factorial design with 3 replicates per treatment was used for the study. Wetting the corn silage increased concentrations of NH(3)-N, ethanol, and acetic acid. Ensiling at 40 instead of 20 degrees C increased pH, in vitro digestibility, and concentrations of NH(3)-N, residual water-soluble carbohydrates and acid detergent insoluble crude protein. The higher ensiling temperature also reduced concentrations of neutral and acid detergent fiber and lactic and acetic acid. Delayed sealing reduced concentrations of NH(3)-N and total volatile fatty acids. Wetting, high temperature ensiling, and delayed sealing each reduced yeast counts slightly, and marginally (8 h) increased aerobic stability. Hot-Wet-Delay silages were more stable than other silages but had the lowest lactic to acetic acid ratio, and total volatile fatty acid concentration. This study indicates that the fermentation of corn silage is adversely affected by wet conditions at harvest and high ensiling temperatures, whereas delayed silo sealing for 3 h caused no adverse effects.
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“According to Kim and Adesogan [15], aerobic exposures longer than 10 h, as frequently can be observed at the farm level may impair the following fermentation process by reducing soluble carbohydrate content.”
From Influence of Ensiling Timing and Inoculation on Whole Plant Maize Silage Fermentation and Aerobic Stability (Preliminary Research) (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Kim and Adesogan (2006), studying the concurrent effects of high ensiling temperatures, surface moisture due to rainfall at harvest, and delayed silo sealing, indicated the fermentation of corn silage is adversely affected by wet conditions at harvest and high ensiling temperatures, whereas delaying silo sealing for 3 h caused no adverse effects.”
From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Kim and Adesogan, 2006
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“Kim and Adesogan (2006) ensiled corn at 40 and 20°C, showing higher ensiling temperatures lowered the contents of lactic and acetic acids.”
From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Kim and Adesogan, 2006
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“In addition, ensiling at 40°C increased the levels of ammonia-N and acid detergent insoluble CP.”
From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Kim and Adesogan, 2006
In the citing paper
“The slow silo filling and delayed sealing negatively affect the silage quality once dry matter (DM) losses and quality changes occur during these phases [10][11][12][13]”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Studying the effects of high ensiling temperatures, surface moisture at harvest, and delayed sealing for 3 h, Kim and Adesogan [11] reported that hot-wet-delay silages had the lowest proportion of lactic acid to acetic acid ratio and total concentrations of VFA.”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“This fact is supported by the lack of detection of butyric acid, a final product of saccharolytic clostridial fermentation [11].”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, S. C., & Adesogan, A. T.
- Affiliations
- Gyeongsang National University (KR)
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Adesogan, A.T.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3122-3132
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2073244606
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Florida Milk-Check Off,
- Florida Agricultural Experiment Station,
- Pioneer Hi Bred International,
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Keywords
- corn silage, simulated rainfall, harvest moisture content, silage fermentation, aerobic stability, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids, lactic acid, acetic acid, yeast count, in vitro digestibility, fiber degradation, water-soluble carbohydrates
- MeSH terms
- Ammonia, Carbohydrates, Zea mays, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Fermentation, Food Handling, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Proteins, Rain, Silage, Temperature, Time Factors, Acetic Acid, Lactic Acid
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