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Cited by 136Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAgricultural Engineering and MechanizationCrop Yield and Soil Fertility

Influence of Ensiling Temperature, Simulated Rainfall, and Delayed Sealing on Fermentation Characteristics and Aerobic Stability of Corn Silage

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Kim, S.C., Adesogan, A.T.·2006·Journal of Dairy Science
DOI 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72586-3
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine how delayed silo sealing, high ensiling temperatures, and rainfall at harvest affect the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. One-half of each of 4 replicated, 6 x 1.5 m plots of a corn hybrid was harvested at 35% dry matter (Dry), and each of the other halves was harvested after they were sprinkled with sufficient water to simulate 4 mm of rainfall (Wet). Six representative (2 kg) subsamples were taken from the Wet and Dry forage piles and ensiled immediately (Prompt). Three hours later, 6 additional representative (2 kg) samples were taken from each pile and ensiled (Delay). Half of the bags from each moisture x sealing time treatment combination were stored for 82 d in a 40 degrees C incubator (Hot) and the other half were stored in a 20 degrees C air-conditioned room (Cool). A 2 (moisture treatments) x 2 (sealing times) x 2 (ensiling temperatures) factorial design with 3 replicates per treatment was used for the study. Wetting the corn silage increased concentrations of NH(3)-N, ethanol, and acetic acid. Ensiling at 40 instead of 20 degrees C increased pH, in vitro digestibility, and concentrations of NH(3)-N, residual water-soluble carbohydrates and acid detergent insoluble crude protein. The higher ensiling temperature also reduced concentrations of neutral and acid detergent fiber and lactic and acetic acid. Delayed sealing reduced concentrations of NH(3)-N and total volatile fatty acids. Wetting, high temperature ensiling, and delayed sealing each reduced yeast counts slightly, and marginally (8 h) increased aerobic stability. Hot-Wet-Delay silages were more stable than other silages but had the lowest lactic to acetic acid ratio, and total volatile fatty acid concentration. This study indicates that the fermentation of corn silage is adversely affected by wet conditions at harvest and high ensiling temperatures, whereas delayed silo sealing for 3 h caused no adverse effects.

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  • According to Kim and Adesogan [15], aerobic exposures longer than 10 h may impair following fermentation process by reducing soluble carbohydrate content.

    “According to Kim and Adesogan [15], aerobic exposures longer than 10 h, as frequently can be observed at the farm level may impair the following fermentation process by reducing soluble carbohydrate content.”

    From Influence of Ensiling Timing and Inoculation on Whole Plant Maize Silage Fermentation and Aerobic Stability (Preliminary Research) (2024) · cites this paper as [15]

    In “Delayed Sealing Effects on the Fermentation” (page unavailable), the paper says delays longer than 10 h tend to harm silage quality and links continued respiration and water-soluble carbohydrate depletion to reduced fermentation. But it tested only a 3-h delay, for which total water-soluble carbohydrate concentration was relatively unchanged; it does not establish carbohydrate reduction as the mechanism for delays longer than 10 h. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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  • The fermentation of corn silage is adversely affected by wet conditions at harvest and high ensiling temperatures, whereas delaying silo sealing for 3 h causes no adverse effects.

    “Kim and Adesogan (2006), studying the concurrent effects of high ensiling temperatures, surface moisture due to rainfall at harvest, and delayed silo sealing, indicated the fermentation of corn silage is adversely affected by wet conditions at harvest and high ensiling temperatures, whereas delaying silo sealing for 3 h caused no adverse effects.”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Kim and Adesogan, 2006

  • Higher ensiling temperatures lowered the contents of lactic and acetic acids in corn silage.

    “Kim and Adesogan (2006) ensiled corn at 40 and 20°C, showing higher ensiling temperatures lowered the contents of lactic and acetic acids.”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Kim and Adesogan, 2006

  • Ensiling at 40°C increased the levels of ammonia-N and acid detergent insoluble CP in corn silage.

    “In addition, ensiling at 40°C increased the levels of ammonia-N and acid detergent insoluble CP.”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Kim and Adesogan, 2006

  • Slow silo filling and delayed sealing negatively affect silage quality because dry matter losses and quality changes occur during these phases.

    “The slow silo filling and delayed sealing negatively affect the silage quality once dry matter (DM) losses and quality changes occur during these phases [10][11][12][13]”

    From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [11]

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. AOAC. 2005. Yeast and mold counts in foods. Hydrophobic grid mem- brane filter (iso-grid) method using YM-11 agar. Pages 11-12 in Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ed. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem. Int., Washington, DC.
  2. Muck, R. E. 1987. Dry matter level affects alfalfa silage quality: Nitrogen transformations. Trans. ASAE 30:7-14.

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Authors
Kim, S. C., & Adesogan, A. T.
Affiliations
  • Gyeongsang National University (KR)
  • University of Florida (US)
Corresponding author
Adesogan, A.T.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher
American Dairy Science Association
Published
2006-08
Volume
89
Issue
8
Pages
3122-3132
ISSN
0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72586-3
OpenAlex
W2073244606
Cited by
136
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
FWCI
4.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Florida Milk-Check Off,
  • Florida Agricultural Experiment Station,
  • Pioneer Hi Bred International,
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Keywords
corn silage, simulated rainfall, harvest moisture content, silage fermentation, aerobic stability, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids, lactic acid, acetic acid, yeast count, in vitro digestibility, fiber degradation, water-soluble carbohydrates
MeSH terms
Ammonia, Carbohydrates, Zea mays, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Fermentation, Food Handling, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Proteins, Rain, Silage, Temperature, Time Factors, Acetic Acid, Lactic Acid

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