CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 215Pituitary Gland Disorders and TreatmentsAdrenal and Paraganglionic TumorsNeuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cushing's disease: pathobiology, diagnosis, and management

Open access
Lonser, Russell R., Nieman, Lynnette, Oldfield, Edward H.·2017·Journal of Neurosurgery
DOI 10.3171/2016.1.jns152119
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Cushing's disease (CD) is the result of excess secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by a benign monoclonal pituitary adenoma. The excessive secretion of ACTH stimulates secretion of cortisol by the adrenal glands, resulting in supraphysiological levels of circulating cortisol. The pathophysiological levels of cortisol are associated with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and early death. Successful resection of the CD-associated ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma is the treatment of choice and results in immediate biochemical remission with preservation of pituitary function. Accurate and early identification of CD is critical for effective surgical management and optimal prognosis. The authors review the current pathophysiological principles, diagnostic methods, and management of CD.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3171/2016.1.jns152119

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 0 references

Research works printed but not linked: 88

  1. Alahmadi H, Cusimano MD, Woo K, Mohammed AA, Goguen J, Smyth HS, : Impact of technique on Cushing disease outcome using strict remission criteria. Can J Neurol Sci 40:334–341, 20132360316810.1017/S031716710001427X · DOI
  2. Alexandraki KI, Kaltsas GA, Isidori AM, Storr HL, Afshar F, Sabin I, : Long-term remission and recurrence rates in Cushing's disease: predictive factors in a single-centre study. Eur J Endocrinol 168:639–648, 201310.1530/EJE-12-0921 · DOI
  3. Alwani RA, de Herder WW, van Aken MO, van den Berge JH, Delwel EJ, Dallenga AH, : Biochemical predictors of outcome of pituitary surgery for Cushing's disease. Neuroendocrinology 91:169–178, 20101990714110.1159/000258677 · DOI
  4. Aranda G, Ensenat J, Mora M, Puig-Domingo M, Martinez de Osaba MJ, Casals G, : Long-term remission and recurrence rate in a cohort of Cushing's disease: the need for long-term follow-up. Pituitary 18:142–149, 201510.1007/s11102-014-0567-8 · DOI
  5. Arnaldi G, Angeli A, Atkinson AB, Bertagna X, Cavagnini F, Chrousos GP, : Diagnosis and complications of Cushing's syndrome: a consensus statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:5593–5602, 20031467113810.1210/jc.2003-030871 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Batista D, Courkoutsakis NA, Oldfield EH, Griffin KJ, Keil M, Patronas NJ, : Detection of adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas by magnetic resonance imaging in children and adolescents with Cushing disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:5134–5140, 20051594187110.1210/jc.2004-1778 · DOI
  7. Bertagna X, Guignat L: Approach to the Cushing's disease patient with persistent/recurrent hypercortisolism after pituitary surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:1307–1318, 201310.1210/jc.2012-320023564942 · DOI
  8. Biller BM, Grossman AB, Stewart PM, Melmed S, Bertagna X, Bertherat J, : Treatment of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome: a consensus statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:2454–2462, 20081841342710.1210/jc.2007-2734 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Brown RD, Van Loon GR, Orth DN, Liddle GW: Cushing's disease with periodic hormonogenesis: one explanation for paradoxical response to dexamethasone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 36:445–451, 1973434660310.1210/jcem-36-3-445 · DOI
  10. Budyal S, Lila AR, Jalali R, Gupta T, Kasliwal R, Jagtap VS, : Encouraging efficacy of modern conformal fractionated radiotherapy in patients with uncured Cushing's disease. Pituitary 17:60–67, 201410.1007/s11102-013-0466-423381232 · DOI
  11. Castinetti F, Morange I, Dufour H, Jaquet P, Conte-Devolx B, Girard N, : Desmopressin test during petrosal sinus sampling: a valuable tool to discriminate pituitary or ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 157:271–277, 200710.1530/EJE-07-021517766708 · DOI
  12. Chang AC, Cochet M, Cohen SN: Structural organization of human genomic DNA encoding the pro-opiomelanocortin peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77:4890–4894, 198010.1073/pnas.77.8.48906254047 · DOI
  13. Chowdhury IN, Sinaii N, Oldfield EH, Patronas N, Nieman LK: A change in pituitary magnetic resonance imaging protocol detects ACTH-secreting tumours in patients with previously negative results. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 72:502–506, 20101950011210.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03646.x · DOI
  14. Chrousos GP, Schulte HM, Oldfield EH, Gold PW, Cutler GB Jr, Loriaux DL: The corticotropin-releasing factor stimulation test. An aid in the evaluation of patients with Cushing's syndrome. N Engl J Med 310:622–626, 198410.1056/NEJM1984030831010046319991 · DOI
  15. Ciric I, Zhao JC, Du H, Findling JW, Molitch ME, Weiss RE, : Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease: experience with 136 patients. Neurosurgery 70:70–81, 201210.1227/NEU.0b013e31822dda2c21772221 · DOI
  16. Clayton RN, Raskauskiene D, Reulen RC, Jones PW: Mortality and morbidity in Cushing's disease over 50 years in Stoke-on-Trent, UK: audit and meta-analysis of literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:632–642, 201110.1210/jc.2010-194221193542 · DOI
  17. Colao A, Bronstein MD, Freda P, Gu F, Shen CC, Gadelha M, : Pasireotide versus octreotide in acromegaly: a head-to-head superiority study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:791–799, 20142442332410.1210/jc.2013-2480 · DOI
  18. Costenaro F, Rodrigues TC, Rollin GA, Ferreira NP, Czepielewski MA: Evaluation of Cushing's disease remission after transsphenoidal surgery based on early serum cortisol dynamics. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 80:411–418, 201410.1111/cen.1230023895112 · DOI
  19. Dallapiazza RF, Oldfield EH, Jane JA Jr: Surgical management of Cushing's disease. Pituitary 18:211–216, 20152572431510.1007/s11102-015-0646-5 · DOI
  20. Dickerman RD, Oldfield EH: Basis of persistent and recurrent Cushing disease: an analysis of findings at repeated pituitary surgery. J Neurosurg 97:1343–1349, 200210.3171/jns.2002.97.6.134312507132 · DOI
  21. Dimopoulou C, Schopohl J, Rachinger W, Buchfelder M, Honegger J, Reincke M, : Long-term remission and recurrence rates after first and second transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease: care reality in the Munich Metropolitan Region. Eur J Endocrinol 170:283–292, 201410.1530/EJE-13-063424217937 · DOI
  22. Doppman JL, Oldfield E, Krudy AG, Chrousos GP, Schulte HM, Schaaf M, : Petrosal sinus sampling for Cushing syndrome: anatomical and technical considerations. Work in progress. Radiology 150:99–103, 198410.1148/radiology.150.1.63164186316418 · DOI
  23. Esposito F, Dusick JR, Cohan P, Moftakhar P, McArthur D, Wang C, : Clinical review: Early morning cortisol levels as a predictor of remission after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:7–13, 20061623430510.1210/jc.2005-1204 · DOI
  24. Estrada J, Boronat M, Mielgo M, Magallón R, Millan I, Díez S, : The long-term outcome of pituitary irradiation after unsuccessful transsphenoidal surgery in Cushing's disease. N Engl J Med 336:172–177, 1997898889710.1056/NEJM199701163360303 · DOI
  25. Etxabe J, Vazquez JA: Morbidity and mortality in Cushing's disease: an epidemiological approach. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 40:479–484, 199410.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02486.x8187313 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Feelders RA, de Herder WW, Neggers SJ, van der Lely AJ, Hofland LJ: Pasireotide, a multi-somatostatin receptor ligand with potential efficacy for treatment of pituitary and neuroendocrine tumors. Drugs Today (Barc) 49:89–103, 20132346262410.1358/dot.2013.49.2.1915142 · DOI
  27. Findling JW, Kehoe ME, Raff H: Identification of patients with Cushing's disease with negative pituitary adrenocorticotropin gradients during inferior petrosal sinus sampling: prolactin as an index of pituitary venous effluent. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:6005–6009, 20041557975110.1210/jc.2004-1378 · DOI
  28. Findling JW, Kehoe ME, Shaker JL, Raff H: Routine inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome: early recognition of the occult ectopic ACTH syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73:408–413, 199110.1210/jcem-73-2-4081649842 · DOI
  29. Fleseriu M, Findling JW, Koch CA, Schlaffer SM, Buchfelder M, Gross C: Changes in plasma ACTH levels and corticotroph tumor size in patients with Cushing's disease during long-term treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:3718–3727, 201410.1210/jc.2014-184325013998 · DOI
  30. Forget H, Lacroix A, Cohen H: Persistent cognitive impairment following surgical treatment of Cushing's syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 27:367–383, 20021181817210.1016/S0306-4530(01)00059-2 · DOI
  31. Gandhi CD, Meyer SA, Patel AB, Johnson DM, Post KD: Neurologic complications of inferior petrosal sinus sampling. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29:760–765, 20081823884410.3174/ajnr.A0930 · DOI
  32. Graversen D, Vestergaard P, Stochholm K, Gravholt CH, Jørgensen JO: Mortality in Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Intern Med 23:278–282, 20122238588810.1016/j.ejim.2011.10.013 · DOI
  33. Hammer GD, Tyrrell JB, Lamborn KR, Applebury CB, Hannegan ET, Bell S, : Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Cushing's disease: initial outcome and long-term results. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:6348–6357, 200410.1210/jc.2003-03218015579802 · DOI
  34. Hermus AR, Pieters GF, Pesman GJ, Smals AG, Benraad TJ, Kloppenborg PW: The corticotropin-releasing-hormone test versus the high-dose dexamethasone test in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Lancet 2:540–544, 198610.1016/S0140-6736(86)90113-32875282 · DOI
  35. Honegger J, Schmalisch K, Beuschlein F, Kaufmann S, Schnauder G, Naegele T, : Contemporary microsurgical concept for the treatment of Cushing's disease: endocrine outcome in 83 consecutive patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 76:560–567, 20122202655310.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04268.x · DOI
  36. Jagannathan J, Smith R, DeVroom HL, Vortmeyer AO, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK, : Outcome of using the histological pseudocapsule as a surgical capsule in Cushing disease. J Neurosurg 111:531–539, 200910.3171/2008.8.JNS0833919267526 · DOI
  37. Jeffcoate WJ, Rees LH, Tomlin S, Jones AE, Edwards CR, Besser GM: Metyrapone in long-term management of Cushing's disease. BMJ 2:215–217, 197719566610.1136/bmj.2.6081.215 · DOI
  38. Kelly WF: Psychiatric aspects of Cushing's syndrome. QJM 89:543–551, 199610.1093/qjmed/89.7.5438759496 · DOI
  39. Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology ed 11Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier, 2008
  40. Lambert JK, Goldberg L, Fayngold S, Kostadinov J, Post KD, Geer EB: Predictors of mortality and long-term outcomes in treated Cushing's disease: a study of 346 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:1022–1030, 201310.1210/jc.2012-289323393167 · DOI
  41. Liddle GW: Tests of pituitary-adrenal suppressibility in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 20:1539–1560, 196010.1210/jcem-20-12-1539 · DOI
  42. Lindsay JR, Oldfield EH, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK: The postoperative basal cortisol and CRH tests for prediction of long-term remission from Cushing's disease after transsphenoidal surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:2057–2064, 20112150812610.1210/jc.2011-0456 · DOI
  43. Lonser RR, Ksendzovsky A, Wind JJ, Vortmeyer AO, Oldfield EH: Prospective evaluation of the characteristics and incidence of adenoma-associated dural invasion in Cushing disease. J Neurosurg 116:272–279, 201210.3171/2011.8.JNS1145621923247 · DOI
  44. Lonser RR, Wind JJ, Nieman LK, Weil RJ, DeVroom HL, Oldfield EH: Outcome of surgical treatment of 200 children with Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:892–901, 20132337217310.1210/jc.2012-3604 · DOI
  45. Manni A, Latshaw RF, Page R, Santen RJ: Simultaneous bilateral venous sampling for adrenocorticotropin in pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease: evidence for lateralization of pituitary venous drainage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57:1070–1073, 198310.1210/jcem-57-5-10706311861 · DOI
  46. Mehta GU, Lonser RR, Oldfield EH: The history of pituitary surgery for Cushing disease. J Neurosurg 116:261–268, 20122196216110.3171/2011.8.JNS102005 · DOI
  47. Mehta GU, Sheehan JP, Vance ML: Effect of stereotactic radiosurgery before bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease on the incidence of Nelson's syndrome. J Neurosurg 119:1493–1497, 201310.3171/2013.7.JNS1338923952749 · DOI
  48. Miller DL, Doppman JL, Peterman SB, Nieman LK, Oldfield EH, Chang R: Neurologic complications of petrosal sinus sampling. Radiology 185:143–147, 1992152329810.1148/radiology.185.1.1523298 · DOI
  49. Mulligan GB, Faiman C, Gupta M, Kennedy L, Hatipoglu B, Hui F, : Prolactin measurement during inferior petrosal sinus sampling improves the localization of pituitary adenomas in Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 77:268–274, 20122224321510.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04339.x · DOI
  50. Nakanishi S, Inoue A, Kita T, Nakamura M, Chang AC, Cohen SN, : Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for bovine corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor. Nature 278:423–427, 197922181810.1038/278423a0 · DOI
  51. Nelson DH, Meakin JW, Dealy JB Jr, Matson DD, Emerson K Jr, Thorn GW: ACTH-producing tumor of the pituitary gland. N Engl J Med 259:161–164, 195810.1056/NEJM19580724259040313566440 · DOI
  52. Nelson DH, Meakin JW, Thorn GW: ACTH-producing pituitary tumors following adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome. Ann Intern Med 52:560–569, 196010.7326/0003-4819-52-3-56014426442 · DOI
  53. Newell-Price J, Bertagna X, Grossman AB, Nieman LK: Cushing's syndrome. Lancet 367:1605–1617, 20061669841510.1016/S0140-6736(06)68699-6 · DOI
  54. Nieman LK, Biller BM, Findling JW, Murad MH, Newell-Price J, Savage MO, : Treatment of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society Clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:2807–2831, 20152622275710.1210/jc.2015-1818 · DOI · Paper page
  55. Nieman LK, Cutler GB Jr, Oldfield EH, Loriaux DL, Chrousos GP: The ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test is superior to the human CRH stimulation test for the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 69:165–169, 198910.1210/jcem-69-1-165 · DOI
  56. Oldfield EH, Chrousos GP, Schulte HM, Schaaf M, McKeever PE, Krudy AG, : Preoperative lateralization of ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenomas by bilateral and simultaneous inferior petrosal venous sinus sampling. N Engl J Med 312:100–103, 198510.1056/NEJM1985011031202072981108 · DOI
  57. Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Nieman LK, Chrousos GP, Miller DL, Katz DA, : Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin-releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. N Engl J Med 325:897–905, 199110.1056/NEJM1991092632513011652686 · DOI
  58. Oldfield EH, Vance ML, Louis RG, Pledger CL, Jane JA Jr, Lopes MB: Crooke's changes in Cushing's syndrome depends on degree of hypercortisolism and individual susceptibility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:3165–3171, 201510.1210/JC.2015-249326147609 · DOI
  59. Oldfield EH, Vortmeyer AO: Development of a histological pseudocapsule and its use as a surgical capsule in the excision of pituitary tumors. J Neurosurg 104:7–19, 200610.3171/jns.2006.104.1.716509142 · DOI
  60. Patel J, Eloy JA, Liu JK: Nelson's syndrome: a review of the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies. Neurosurg Focus 38:2E14, 201510.3171/2014.10.FOCUS1468125639316 · DOI
  61. Patil CG, Prevedello DM, Lad SP, Vance ML, Thorner MO, Katznelson L, : Late recurrences of Cushing's disease after initial successful transsphenoidal surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:358–362, 20081805677010.1210/jc.2007-2013 · DOI
  62. Patronas N, Bulakbasi N, Stratakis CA, Lafferty A, Oldfield EH, Doppman J, : Spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in the steady state technique is superior to conventional postcontrast spin echo technique for magnetic resonance imaging detection of adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:1565–1569, 200310.1210/jc.2002-02143812679440 · DOI
  63. Pecori Giraldi F, Moro M, Cavagnini F: Gender-related differences in the presentation and course of Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:1554–1558, 200310.1210/jc.2002-021518 · DOI · Paper page
  64. Peytremann A, Nicholson WE, Brown RD, Liddle GW, Hardman JG: Comparative effects of angiotensin and ACTH on cyclic AMP and steroidogenesis in isolated bovine adrenal cells. J Clin Invest 52:835–842, 1973434834410.1172/JCI107247 · DOI
  65. Pivonello R, De Martino MC, Cappabianca P, De Leo M, Faggiano A, Lombardi G, : The medical treatment of Cushing's disease: effectiveness of chronic treatment with the dopamine agonist cabergoline in patients unsuccessfully treated by surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:223–230, 20091895750010.1210/jc.2008-1533 · DOI
  66. Pouratian N, Prevedello DM, Jagannathan J, Lopes MB, Vance ML, Laws ER Jr: Outcomes and management of patients with Cushing's disease without pathological confirmation of tumor resection after transsphenoidal surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:3383–3388, 200710.1210/jc.2007-020817595252 · DOI
  67. Prevedello DM, Pouratian N, Sherman J, Jane JA Jr, Vance ML, Lopes MB, : Management of Cushing's disease: outcome in patients with microadenoma detected on pituitary magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg 109:751–759, 200810.3171/JNS/2008/109/10/075118826366 · DOI
  68. Ram Z, Nieman LK, Cutler GB Jr, Chrousos GP, Doppman JL, Oldfield EH: Early repeat surgery for persistent Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg 80:37–45, 1994827102010.3171/jns.1994.80.1.0037 · DOI
  69. Ratliff JK, Oldfield EH: Multiple pituitary adenomas in Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg 93:753–761, 20001105965410.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0753 · DOI
  70. Ritzel K, Beuschlein F, Mickisch A, Osswald A, Schneider HJ, Schopohl J, : Clinical review: Outcome of bilateral adrenalectomy in Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:3939–3948, 201310.1210/jc.2013-147023956347 · DOI
  71. Schulte HM, Benker G, Reinwein D, Sippell WG, Allolio B: Infusion of low dose etomidate: correction of hypercortisolemia in patients with Cushing's syndrome and dose-response relationship in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70:1426–1430, 199010.1210/jcem-70-5-14262159485 · DOI · Paper page
  72. Semple PL, Vance ML, Findling J, Laws ER Jr: Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease: outcome in patients with a normal magnetic resonance imaging scan. Neurosurgery 46:553–559, 20001071985010.1097/00006123-200003000-00005 · DOI
  73. Sharma ST, Raff H, Nieman LK: Prolactin as a marker of successful catheterization during IPSS in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:3687–3694, 20112203151110.1210/jc.2011-2149 · DOI
  74. Sheehan JP, Xu Z, Salvetti DJ, Schmitt PJ, Vance ML: Results of Gamma Knife surgery for Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg 119:1486–1492, 201310.3171/2013.7.JNS1321723930850 · DOI
  75. Sherlock M, Fernandez-Rodriguez E, Alonso AA, Reulen RC, Ayuk J, Clayton RN, : Medical therapy in patients with acromegaly: predictors of response and comparison of efficacy of dopamine agonists and somatostatin analogues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:1255–1263, 20091915820310.1210/jc.2008-1420 · DOI
  76. Sheth SA, Mian MK, Neal J, Tritos NA, Nachtigall L, Klibanski A, : Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease after nondiagnostic inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Neurosurgery 71:14–22, 201210.1227/NEU.0b013e31824f8e2e22353796 · DOI
  77. Starke RM, Reames DL, Chen CJ, Laws ER, Jane JA Jr: Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease: techniques, outcomes, and predictors of remission. Neurosurgery 72:240–247, 20132314997410.1227/NEU.0b013e31827b966a · DOI
  78. Starke RM, Williams BJ, Vance ML, Sheehan JP: Radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of Cushing's disease: an evidence-based review. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 17:356–364, 201010.1097/MED.0b013e32833ab06920531182 · DOI
  79. Storr HL, Alexandraki KI, Martin L, Isidori AM, Kaltsas GA, Monson JP, : Comparisons in the epidemiology, diagnostic features and cure rate by transsphenoidal surgery between paediatric and adult-onset Cushing's disease. Eur J Endocrinol 164:667–674, 201110.1530/EJE-10-112021310872 · DOI
  80. Styne DM, Grumbach MM, Kaplan SL, Wilson CB, Conte FA: Treatment of Cushing's disease in childhood and adolescence by transsphenoidal microadenomectomy. N Engl J Med 310:889–893, 1984632198710.1056/NEJM198404053101405 · DOI
  81. Sun Y, Sun Q, Fan C, Shen J, Zhao W, Guo Y, : Diagnosis and therapy for Cushing's disease with negative dynamic MRI finding: a single-centre experience. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 76:868–876, 20122205051310.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04279.x · DOI
  82. Swearingen B, Biller BM, Barker FG II, Katznelson L, Grinspoon S, Klibanski A, : Long-term mortality after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease. Ann Intern Med 130:821–824, 199910.7326/0003-4819-130-10-199905180-0001510366371 · DOI
  83. Terzolo M, Allasino B, Pia A, Peraga G, Daffara F, Laino F, : Surgical remission of Cushing's syndrome reduces cardiovascular risk. Eur J Endocrinol 171:127–136, 201410.1530/EJE-13-055524801586 · DOI
  84. Tindall GT, Herring CJ, Clark RV, Adams DA, Watts NB: Cushing's disease: results of transsphenoidal microsurgery with emphasis on surgical failures. J Neurosurg 72:363–369, 1990230386910.3171/jns.1990.72.3.0363 · DOI
  85. Tjörnstrand A, Gunnarsson K, Evert M, Holmberg E, Ragnarsson O, Rosén T, : The incidence rate of pituitary adenomas in western Sweden for the period 2001–2011. Eur J Endocrinol 171:519–526, 20142508477510.1530/EJE-14-0144 · DOI
  86. Wagenmakers MA, Boogaarts HD, Roerink SH, Timmers HJ, Stikkelbroeck NM, Smit JW, : Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: a good and safe primary treatment option for Cushing's disease, even in case of macroadenomas or invasive adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol 169:329–337, 20132378698510.1530/EJE-13-0325 · DOI
  87. Wilson PJ, Williams JR, Smee RI: Cushing's disease: a single centre's experience using the linear accelerator (LINAC) for stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. J Clin Neurosci 21:100–106, 20142407480510.1016/j.jocn.2013.04.007 · DOI
  88. Wind JJ, Lonser RR, Nieman LK, DeVroom HL, Chang R, Oldfield EH: The lateralization accuracy of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in 501 patients with Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:2285–2293, 201310.1210/jc.2012-394323553862 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Lonser, R. R., Nieman, L., & Oldfield, E. H.
Affiliations
  • The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • University of Virginia Health System (US)
Corresponding author
Lonser, Russell R.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Neurosurgery
Publisher
Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)
Published
2017-02
Volume
126
Issue
2
Pages
404-417
ISSN
  • 0022-3085 (ISSN-L)
  • 1933-0693
DOI
10.3171/2016.1.jns152119
OpenAlex
W2340359999
Cited by
215
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11
FWCI
2.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of neurosurgery (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
Keywords
Cushing's disease, hypercortisolism, cortisol excess, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, pituitary surgery, biochemical remission, diagnosis, pathophysiology
MeSH terms
Humans, Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review