The DOI matches its Crossref record; 169 of the 169 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Current status of acute spinal cord injury pathophysiology and emerging therapies: promise on the horizon
Abstract
This review summarizes the current understanding of spinal cord injury pathophysiology and discusses important emerging regenerative approaches that have been translated into clinical trials or have a strong potential to do so. The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury involves a primary mechanical injury that directly disrupts axons, blood vessels, and cell membranes. This primary mechanical injury is followed by a secondary injury phase involving vascular dysfunction, edema, ischemia, excitotoxicity, electrolyte shifts, free radical production, inflammation, and delayed apoptotic cell death. Following injury, the mammalian central nervous system fails to adequately regenerate due to intrinsic inhibitory factors expressed on central myelin and the extracellular matrix of the posttraumatic gliotic scar. Regenerative approaches to block inhibitory signals including Nogo and the Rho-Rho–associated kinase pathways have shown promise and are in early stages of clinical evaluation. Cell-based strategies including using neural stem cells to remyelinate spared axons are an attractive emerging approach.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Takahashi, K., & Yamanaka, S. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024 · Cited by 26,673
Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts
Thomson, J. A., Itskovitz-Eldor, J., Shapiro, S. S., Waknitz, M. A., Swiergiel, J. J., Marshall, V. S., & Jones, J. M. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5391.1145 · Cited by 15,926
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells
Yu, J., Vodyanik, M. A., Smuga-Otto, K., Antosiewicz-Bourget, J., Frane, J. L., Tian, S., Nie, J., Jonsdottir, G. A., Ruotti, V., Stewart, R., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1151526 · Cited by 10,310
Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos
Evans, M. J., & Kaufman, M. H. (1981) · Nature · doi:10.1038/292154a0 · Cited by 8,607
Martin, G. R. (1981) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.78.12.7634 · Cited by 5,746
Reynolds, B. A., & Weiss, S. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1553558 · Cited by 4,482
Nagata, S., & Golstein, P. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7533326 · Cited by 3,979
Embryonic stem cell lines from human blastocysts: somatic differentiation in vitro
Reubinoff, B. E., Pera, M. F., Fong, C.-Y., Trounson, A., & Bongso, A. (2000) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/74447 · Cited by 2,706
Excitatory Amino Acids as a Final Common Pathway for Neurologic Disorders
Epstein, F. H., Lipton, S. A., & Rosenberg, P. A. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199403033300907 · Cited by 2,658
Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors
Park, I.-H., Zhao, R., West, J. A., Yabuuchi, A., Huo, H., Ince, T. A., Lerou, P. H., Lensch, M. W., & Daley, G. Q. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06534 · Cited by 2,436
Cited by
SCT: Spinal Cord Toolbox, an open-source software for processing spinal cord MRI data
De Leener, B., Lévy, S., Dupont, S. M., Fonov, V. S., Stikov, N., Louis Collins, D., Callot, V., & Cohen-Adad, J. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.009 · Cited by 621
Targeting Aquaporin-4 Subcellular Localization to Treat Central Nervous System Edema
Kitchen, P., Salman, M. M., Halsey, A. M., Clarke-Bland, C., MacDonald, J. A., Ishida, H., Vogel, H. J., Almutiri, S., Logan, A., Kreida, S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.037 · Cited by 452
Neuropathic pain prevalence following spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Burke, D., Fullen, B. M., Stokes, D., & Lennon, O. (2017) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.905 · Cited by 402
Cofano, F., Boido, M., Monticelli, M., Zenga, F., Ducati, A., Vercelli, A., & Garbossa, D. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20112698 · Cited by 398
Functions of Nogo proteins and their receptors in the nervous system
Schwab, M. E. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2936 · Cited by 379
Metadata
- Authors
- Rowland, J. W., Hawryluk, G. W. J., Kwon, B., & Fehlings, M. G.
- Venue
- Neurosurgical Focus
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- E2
- ISSN
- 1092-0684 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2035120744
- Cited by
- 816
- References
- 169
- FWCI
- 14.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Current status of acute spinal cord injury pathophysiology and emerging therapies: promise on the horizon. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3171/foc.2008.25.11.e2
- The paper
- Rowland, J. W., Hawryluk, G. W. J., Kwon, B., & Fehlings, M. G. (2008). Current status of acute spinal cord injury pathophysiology and emerging therapies: promise on the horizon. Neurosurgical Focus. https://doi.org/10.3171/foc.2008.25.11.e2
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
