Blastomycosis in Minnesota, USA, 1999-2018.
Open accessAbstract
Blastomycosis is a systemic disease caused by Blastomyces spp. fungi. To determine its epidemiology in blastomycosis-endemic Minnesota, USA, we evaluated all cases reported to public health officials during 1999-2018. We focused on time to diagnosis, exposure activities, and exposure location. A total of 671 cases and a median of 34 cases/year were reported. Median time to diagnosis was 31 days; 61% of patients were not tested for blastomycosis until they were hospitalized. The case-fatality rate was 10%, and patients who died were 5.3 times more likely to have a concurrent medical condition. Outdoor activities and soil exposure were reported by many patients, but no specific activity or exposure was common to most. Almost one third of patients were probably exposed in geographic areas other than their home county. Providers should consider alternative etiologies for patients with pneumonia not responding to antibacterial treatment, and public health officials should increase awareness in blastomycosis-endemic areas.
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Wisconsin and Minnesota conducted extensive follow-up on cases, providing deeper insight into state-specific features of blastomycosis.
“Wisconsin and Minnesota conducted extensive follow-up on cases (19,25), providing deeper insight into state-specific features of blastomycosis.”
From Blastomycosis Surveillance in 5 States, United States, 1987–2018 (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
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Let’s talk about sex characteristics—as a risk factor for invasive fungal diseases.
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Ireland, M., Klumb, C., Smith, K., & Scheftel, J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ireland, Malia
- Venue
- Emerging infectious diseases
- Published
- 2020-05
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 866-875
- ISSN
- 1080-6040 (ISSN-L)
- 1080-6059
- PMC
- PMC7181909
- OpenAlex
- W3016789432
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 3.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Emerging infectious diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U50CK000371)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology › Actinomycetales infections and treatment
- Keywords
- blastomycosis, Blastomyces, Minnesota, time to diagnosis, case fatality rate, soil exposure, outdoor activities, pneumonia, fungal infection, disease surveillance
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antifungal Agents, Blastomyces, Blastomycosis, Humans, Minnesota, Public Health
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