Synaptophysin and Synaptojanin-1 in Down Syndrome are Differentially Affected by Alzheimer's Disease
Open accessAbstract
Adults with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology by 40 years of age. Synaptophysin (SYN) consistently declines with age and is further reduced with sporadic AD. Thus, we hypothesized that SYN would be reduced in DS with AD. The gene for synaptojanin-1 (SYNJ1), involved in synaptic vesicle recycling, is on chromosome 21. We measured SYN and SYNJ1 in an autopsy series of 39 cases with DS and 28 without DS, along with 7 sporadic AD cases. SYN was significantly lower in DSAD compared with DS alone and similar to sporadic AD. Reduced SYN is associated with AD neuropathology and with Aβ levels in DS, as is seen in sporadic AD. SYNJ1 was significantly higher in DS and correlated with several measures of Aβ. SYNJ1 was higher in DSAD and significantly higher than SYNJ1 in sporadic AD. Although significantly higher in DS, SYNJ1 is further increased with AD neuropathology suggesting interesting differences in a synapse-associated protein that is overexpressed in trisomy 21.
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Previous reports have shown increased abundance of APP, S100B, and SYNJ1 in the frontal cortex and CSTB in the temporal cortex of people with DSAD.
“These findings were consistent with previous reports of increased abundance of APP (amyloid precursor protein), S100B (S100 calcium-binding protein B), and SYNJ1 (synaptojanin-1) in the frontal cortex and CSTB (cystatin-B) in the temporal cortex of people with DSAD [45, 58, 71].”
From Apolipoprotein E abundance is elevated in the brains of individuals with Down syndrome–Alzheimer’s disease (2025) · cites this paper as [45]
The Introduction says the study measured SYNJ1 in frontal-cortex samples, and the Discussion reports higher SYNJ1 levels in DSAD than in DS alone. The sentence does not assign its three citations to individual proteins; judged as a whole, this paper does not establish increased frontal-cortex APP or S100B, or increased temporal-cortex CSTB, in DSAD. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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“These findings were consistent with previous reports of increased abundance of APP (amyloid precursor protein), S100B (S100 calcium-binding protein B), and SYNJ1 (synapto-janin-1) in the frontal cortex and CSTB (cystatin-B) in the temporal cortex of people with DSAD [45, 58, 71].”
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- Authors
- Martin, S. B., Dowling, A. L. S., Lianekhammy, J., Lott, I. T., Doran, E., Murphy, M. P., Beckett, T. L., Schmitt, F. A., & Head, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Corresponding author
- Head, Elizabeth
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-09-16
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 767-775
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- PMC
- PMC4392817
- OpenAlex
- W1519716327
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 5.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (P50 AG 16573, P30AG028383, P01AG005119, P50AG016573, P30 AG28383, R01AG16573)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD065160, HHSN275200900011C, R01HD064993, N01-HD-90011)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Down syndrome, Alzheimer's disease
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Autopsy, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Down Syndrome, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Synaptophysin, Young Adult
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