The pattern of acquisition of plaques and tangles in the brains of patients under 50 years of age with Down's syndrome
Abstract
The form and distribution of senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) has been examined in the brains of 13 patients with Down's syndrome (DS), aged less than or equal to 50 years, using immunocytochemical and silver staining procedures. SP become present within the brain before NFT and these appear firstly as fine, even, diffuse areas of anti-amyloid (A4) protein immunoreactivity in the absence of any discernable neuritic change. Later the amount of anti-A4 protein in SP increases and SP show a marked surrounding neuritic response which is detectable using either silver or anti-paired helical filament (PHF) staining methods. At this stage NFT also become detectable within the perikaryon of nerve cells in both the cortex and the subcortex, with the large stellate neurones of layer II of the entorhinal cortex showing an early involvement. By the age of 50 years, most patients are well on the way towards achieving (and some have already achieved) that pattern of SP and NFT morphology and distribution that is typically seen in patients over 50 years of age with DS and in other patients in the general population with Alzheimer's disease.
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Layers II and IV of the entorhinal cortex are among the first regions affected with tangles in Down syndrome and in normal aging.
“Moreover, layers II and IV of the EC are among the first regions affected with tangles in Down syndrome and in normal aging (Mann and Esiri, 1989;Price et al., 1991;Arriagada et al., 1992b;Hyman et al., 1995).”
From Profound Loss of Layer II Entorhinal Cortex Neurons Occurs in Very Mild Alzheimer’s Disease (1996) · cites this paper as Mann and Esiri, 1989
At about 40 years of age, practically all patients with Down syndrome exhibit neuropathological changes typical for Alzheimer's disease including β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
“At about 40 years of age, practically all patients with Down syndrome exhibit neuropathological changes typical for Alzheimer’s disease including β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (Mann and Esiri 1989).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Mann and Esiri 1989
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- Authors
- Mann, D. M. A., & Esiri, M. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Mann, David M.A.
- Venue
- Journal of the Neurological Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1989-02
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 169-179
- ISSN
- 0022-510X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2013471403
- Semantic Scholar
- af5fc19bd1b15b09a4a0b47923d2a6157e3849a9
- Cited by
- 471
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 14.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the Neurological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Down syndrome, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid proteins, paired helical filaments, entorhinal cortex, neuritic plaques, Alzheimer's disease, brain aging, neuropathology
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Brain, Child, Down Syndrome, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurofibrils
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