Cited by 65Microbial Metabolic Engineering and BioproductionFluid Dynamics and MixingViral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects

CO2 – Intrinsic Product, Essential Substrate, and Regulatory Trigger of Microbial and Mammalian Production Processes

Open access
Blombach, Bastian, Takors, Ralf·2015·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Abstract

Carbon dioxide formation mirrors the final carbon oxidation steps of aerobic metabolism in microbial and mammalian cells. As a consequence, [Formula: see text] dissociation equilibria arise in fermenters by the growing culture. Anaplerotic reactions make use of the abundant [Formula: see text] levels for refueling citric acid cycle demands and for enabling oxaloacetate-derived products. At the same time, CO2 is released manifold in metabolic reactions via decarboxylation activity. The levels of extracellular [Formula: see text] depend on cellular activities and physical constraints such as hydrostatic pressures, aeration, and the efficiency of mixing in large-scale bioreactors. Besides, local [Formula: see text] levels might also act as metabolic inhibitors or transcriptional effectors triggering regulatory events inside the cells. This review gives an overview about fundamental physicochemical properties of [Formula: see text] in microbial and mammalian cultures effecting cellular physiology, production processes, metabolic activity, and transcriptional regulation.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00108

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  • Levels of CO2/HCO3− readily diffuse across cell membranes to moderate intracellular pH, act as metabolic inhibitors, may induce complex transcriptional responses, and signal other critical reactions.

    “Besides the role of CO2 in affecting medium acid-base chemistry, levels of CO2/HCO3 − readily diffuse across cell membranes to moderate intracellular pH (Gutknecht et al., 1977), act as metabolic inhibitors, and may induce complex transcriptional responses (Cottier et al., 2012; Follonier et al., 2013), and signal other critical reactions (see, Blombach and Takors, 2015).”

    From Toward Best Practices for Controlling Mammalian Cell Culture Environments (2022) · cites this paper as Blombach and Takors, 2015

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6 of the 114 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

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  1. Klinger C. Schmidberger C. Eisenkraetzer D. (2015). Scale Down Strategies of Cell Culture Processes. Oral Presentation at DECHEMA Conference, Scale-Up and Scale-Down of Bioprocesses. Hamburg.

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Authors
Blombach, B., & Takors, R.
Affiliations
University of Stuttgart (DE)
Corresponding author
Takors, Ralf
Venue
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Published
2015-08-03
Volume
3
Pages
108-108
ISSN
2296-4185 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2157039001
Cited by
65
References
114
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3
FWCI
0.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • OPUS Publication Server of the University of Stuttgart (University of Stuttgart) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Universitätsbibliothek Stuttgart
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (TA 241/5-1, TA 241/5–2)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Fluid Dynamics and Mixing
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
Keywords
carbon dioxide, anaplerotic reactions, TCA cycle, decarboxylation, hydrostatic pressure, mixing efficiency, metabolic regulation, transcriptional regulation, microbial fermentation, mammalian cell culture

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